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Communications in Physics

A Comparative Study of Optical Bistability in Three-Level EIT Configurations

Doai Van Le, Phuong Le, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Son Hoai Doan, Khoa Xuan Dinh, Vu Ngọc Sau, Nguyen Huy Bang

Published Jul 17, 2018• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a comparative study of optical bistability (OB) in three-level atomic configurations, including $\Lambda $-, cascade-, and V- types under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In the steady regime, the input-output intensity relations for the OB in each configuration have been derived in analytical form. The model allows one to construct a clear picture on how the threshold intensity, and other characteristics of the OB are continuously modified with respects to controllable parameters of the laser fields, cooperation parameter, and other physical parameters of atomic system. The results showed that the threshold intensity of OB in \(\Lambda \)-type system is much less than the other ones and the threshold intensity of OB in V-type system is the largest one. The analytical result is convenient to choose excitation configuration for experimental observations and related applications in photonic devices.

DOI
10.15625/0868-3166/28/2/12541

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We present a comparative study of optical bistability (OB) in three-level atomic configurations, including Λ\Lambda Λ-, cascade-, and V- types under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In the steady regime, the input-output intensity relations for the OB in each configuration have been derived in analytical form. The model allows one to construct a clear picture on how the threshold intensity, and other characteristics of the OB are continuously modified with respects to controllable parameters of the laser fields, cooperation parameter, and other physical parameters of atomic system. The results showed that the threshold intensity of OB in (\Lambda )-type system is much less than the other ones and the threshold intensity of OB in V-type system is the largest one. The analytical result is convenient to choose excitation configuration for experimental observations and related applications in photonic devices.
We propose an optical bistability (OB) model consisting of a five-level cascade electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium placed in a unidirectional ring cavity. An input-output intensity relationship for a weak probe light field is derived as a function of parameters of a strong coupling light and cooperation C. The OB behaviors of the system are investigated with variation of the parameters. It has been shown that the OB behaviors occur simultaneously in three EIT windows. Furthermore, switching thresholds and the hysteresis loop can be controlled by the parameters of the coupling light and/or a cooperation of atomic medium. Such controllable OB behaviors can find interesting applications in bistable photonic devices working at low light intensity and multiple frequencies.
Optical bistability (OB) of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium placed in a conventional unidirectional ring cavity is investigated numerically. The medium is excited by a coupling and probe laser lights via a five-level cascade scheme. It is shown that optical bistabe states with controllable switching threshold intensities and width are established simultaneously in three spectral regions corresponding to EIT windows. The current numerical result is compared to a previous analytical result showing influence of coherence terms neglected in the analytical model.
Optical bistability in a hybrid system consisting of cavity optomechanical and a four-level inverted Y-type atom is investigated numerically. Steady state solution of Heisenberg-Langevin equation is derived. When the configuration condition of the system in electromagnetically induced transparency( EIT) is satisfied and is not satisfied,the thresholds of optical bistability are studied respectively. When EIT condition is not satisfied,the up-threshold of bistability is adjustable while the down-threshold remains the same one. On the contrary,when EIT condition is satisfied,the up-threshold of bistability remains the same one while the down-threshold is adjustable. When the atom system is under the condition of EIT configuration,bistability can be achieved more easily than which is not under the condition of EIT configuration. Furthermore,after the system reaches the up-threshold,no matter the condition of EIT configuration is satisfied or not,the curve of bistability becomes a linear with the intensity of driving field.
We consider the behavior of optical bistability (OB) and multistability (OM) in a four-level atomic system involving a Rydberg state illuminated by a probe field as well as control and switching laser beams of larger intensity. When the switching field is absent, no OB arises because of the effect of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency. However, by application of the switching field, the hysteresis cycle appears to give rise to optical bistability, thanks to Rydberg electromagnetically induced absorption. It is further demonstrated that one can efficiently modify the OB threshold via suitable choices of system-controlling parameters. Interestingly, it is observed that this model can produce an optical switching between OB and OM with potential applications in logic-gate devices for optical communication.
We theoretically analyze the behavior of single optical bistability (OB), double OB, and tristability (OT) in a three-level V-type atomic system confined in a unidirectional optical ring cavity. The physics behind the emergence of various bistable and tristable states, and switching from the absorptive to the dispersive characteristics, are explored. The role of probe- and control-field detunings on the input-output characteristics is probed. Further, it is found that the switching between various bistable phenomena is defined by the ratio between the absolute peak values of the parameters describing dispersion and absorption, respectively. This ratio sets a criterion for obtaining absorptive OB, OT, double OB, and dispersive OB. The role of control-field intensity and detuning as well as the cooperation parameter on the input-output characteristics are explored. Finally, a scheme is discussed to control the width of the middle branch of double OB and OT as well as single OB.
In this paper, we study the formation of optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) in a degenerate four-level atomic system by an external magnetic field that is excited by a probe laser field, a coupling laser field and a signal laser field. The coupling field can cause electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for the probe field in the atomic medium, while the signal field and/or external magnetic field can switch between single-EIT and two-EIT regimes. Based on these properties, OB and OM effects can be formed at two different frequency regions of the probe field (two channels). By adjusting the magnetic field or the intensity and the frequency of laser fields, the threshold intensity and the width of OB or OM can also be changed simply. The model can be useful for experimental observations and applications in modern photonic devices.