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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum no-key protocol with inherent identification

Li Yang, Lei Hu

Published Aug 31, 2006• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Various protocols of quantum cryptography has been presented. Some of them can be used to transmit secret messages directly. In this letter we present a new kind of quantum cryptography protocol for direct transmission of classical and quantum messages based on Shamir's generic protocol on classical message encryption. Though Shamir's original idea has only realization of computational security and falls to middle-man attack, our protocol is theoretically secure based on properties of quantum entanglement and Boolean function, and can resist the middle-man attack.

DOI
10.1117/12.681413

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Various protocols of quantum cryptography has been presented. Some of them can be used to transmit secret messages directly. In this letter we present a new kind of quantum cryptography protocol for direct transmission of classical and quantum messages based on Shamir's generic protocol on classical message encryption. Though Shamir's original idea has only realization of computational security and falls to middle-man attack, our protocol is theoretically secure based on properties of quantum entanglement and Boolean function, and can resist the middle-man attack.
Quantum no-key protocol is a quantum realization of Shamir's idea of no-key cryptosystem, which can be used to transport quantum and classical message secretly. It is beyond computational security. We give a practical quantum no-key protocol with mutual identification. In order to prevent MIM (man-in-the-middle) attack, we realize secure information transmission and identification by utilizing a short pre-shared secret bit sequence. And we use pseudo-random sequences to mix the photons which are used for information transmission and the photons which are used for identification. Pseudo-random sequence partly protects the secret sequence and makes our protocol more practical while do not weaken the security. We post a schematic diagram of the experimental set-up which is based on fiber communication system. Our protocol does not need entanglement, multi-qubit operation or classical communication.
We present a new kind of quantum cryptography protocol based on Shamir's three-pass protocol of classical cryptography, which allows the transmission of qubits directly and secretly via the aid of an unjammable classical channel. In this protocol we implement the encryption and decryption transformations via rotations on the Poincare sphere of the photons polarization parameters. The key technique is that Bob's encryption rotation must be commutative with Alice s decryption rotation; this means that the axes of these two rotations must be parallel. We also present a security analysis of the protocol under a man-in-the-middle attack.
These days, quantum secret communication algorithms different from quantum key distribution protocol have been proposed, which are called quantum secure direct communication protocols. These do not aim to have a key agreement between two communicators, but, to send a secret message directly using quantum devices. In this paper, we propose a new quantum secret direct communication protocol which has advantages over the current ones and also discuss its security analysis against the man-in-the-middle attack.
We propose a class of quantum no-key protocols for private communication of classical message based on quantum computing of random Boolean permutations, and demonstrate that they are information-theoretic secure. These protocols are designed to resist middleman attack for two parties preshared authentication key, and achieve perfect mutual data origin authentication which ensures the permanent reusing of authentication key. Finally, we simplify the protocol to a 4-round one, and show that any protocol with 3 or less rounds cannot achieve perfect security without consuming preshared key.