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International Conference on Information Security

A quantum secure direct communication protocol for sending a quantum state and its security analysis

Yumiko Murakami, Masaki Nakanishi, Shigeru Yamashita, Yasuhiko Nakashima, Manabu Hagiwara

Published Dec 14, 2007• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

These days, quantum secret communication algorithms different from quantum key distribution protocol have been proposed, which are called quantum secure direct communication protocols. These do not aim to have a key agreement between two communicators, but, to send a secret message directly using quantum devices. In this paper, we propose a new quantum secret direct communication protocol which has advantages over the current ones and also discuss its security analysis against the man-in-the-middle attack.

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•Jul 1, 2010•1 citation
These days, quantum secret communication algorithms different from quantum key distribution protocol have been proposed, which are called quantum secure direct communication protocols. These do not aim to have a key agreement between two communicators, but, to send a secret message directly using quantum devices. In this paper, we propose a new quantum secret direct communication protocol which has advantages over the current ones and also discuss its security analysis against the man-in-the-middle attack.
Various protocols of quantum cryptography has been presented. Some of them can be used to transmit secret messages directly. In this letter we present a new kind of quantum cryptography protocol for direct transmission of classical and quantum messages based on Shamir's generic protocol on classical message encryption. Though Shamir's original idea has only realization of computational security and falls to middle-man attack, our protocol is theoretically secure based on properties of quantum entanglement and Boolean function, and can resist the middle-man attack.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) can transmit secret messages directly from one user to another without first establishing a shared secret key, which is different from quantum key distribution. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum secure direct communication protocol based on signal photons and Bell states. Before the execution of the proposed protocol, two participants Alice and Bob exchange their corresponding identity IDA and IDB through quantum key distribution and keep them secret, respectively. Then the message sender, Alice, encodes each secret message bit into two single photons (| 01〉or|10〉) or a Bell state , and composes an ordered secret message sequence. To insure the security of communication, Alice also prepares the decoy photons and inserts them into secret message sequence on the basis of the values of IDA and IDB. By the secret identity IDA and IDB, both sides of the communication can check eavesdropping and identify each other. The proposed protocol not only completes secure direct communication, but also realizes the mutual authentication. The security analysis of the proposed protocol is presented in the paper. The analysis results show that this protocol is secure against some common attacks, and no secret message leaks even if the messages are broken. Compared with the two-way QSDC protocols, the presented protocol is a one-way quantum communication protocol which has the immunity to Trojan horse attack. Furthermore, our proposed protocol can be realized without quantum memory.
A quantum secure direct communication protocol based on chaos is proposed with authentication. It has an advantage over distributing the secret message directly and verifying the communicators' identities with the assistance of a trusted center. To ensure the security of the secret message and the process of verification, the initial order of the travel particles is disturbed according to a chaotic sequence generated secretly via the general Arnold map. Security analysis demonstrates that the present scheme is secure against several attack strategies, such as the man-in-the-middle attack and Trojan horse attack.
A new three-party quantum secure direct communication protocol with authentication is proposed. The advantage of the scheme is that through authentication one can confirm the sender's legitimate identity, partially entangled states used as information carrier are easy to prepare and store, there is no need to transmit quantum states with secret message in quantum channel and two users can simultaneously communicate with the third party. In ideal channel, the protocol is secure against incoherent attack.
Quantum secure direct communication is the direct communication of secret messages without first producing a shared secret key. It may be used in some urgent circumstances. Here we propose a quantum secure direct communication protocol using single photons. The protocol uses batches of single photons prepared randomly in one of four different states. These single photons serve as a one-time pad which is used directly to encode the secret messages in one communication process. We also show that it is unconditionally secure. The protocol is feasible with present-day technique.
The quantum communication is a new-style communication scheme based on quantum mechanics. It arouses much interest recently. In this paper, a novel quantum secure communication protocol is proposed. This is a quasi quantum secure direct communication protocol, since it closely unites the quantum key distribution and the classical communication. In the protocol, a key is distributed between both parties participating in communication using EPR pairs, the secret message is sent through classical public channel and the both are closely combined. The protocol applies a braid-based key agreement protocol to let both parties share a secret random number, whose size and magnitude are undecided in advance. It is used to perform all the authentications of the communication. So the communication is simplified. The security of the proposed protocol is based on the no-cloning theorem and the fact that the p-th root finding problem on braid groups is intractable even on quantum computers, as well as classical computers.