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Optics Letters

Observation of coherent multiphoton processes in nuclear states

C. B. Collins, Brett D DePaola

Published Jan 1, 1985• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have used states of nuclear excitation to demonstrate coherent multiphoton processes that were the analogs of well-known effects occurring at optical frequencies. Success in exciting radio-frequency sidebands on hyperfine components of the 14.4-keV Mössbauer transition of (57)Fe is described. A distinctive feature of this experiment was that the absorbing foil was rigidly bound in a graphite sandwich intended to eliminate detrimental vibrations. A model is proposed that quantitatively explains these results in terms of coherently excited nuclear states and evidentially confirms the multiphoton nature of the sidebands observed in this experiment.

DOI
10.1364/ol.10.000025

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Tunable sub-angstrom radiation generated by anti-stokes scattering from nuclear levels

C. B. Collins, Brett D DePaola

It was the intent of this work to use states of nuclear excitation in order to demonstrate coherent multiphoton processes that were the analogs of well‐known effects occurring at optical frequencies. Success in exciting radiofrequency sum and difference frequency sidebands on hyperfine components of the Mössbauer transition of 57Fe near 0.086 nm is described. The transition energy of those sidebands was shown to be tunable over five line‐widths by varying the radiofrequency component of the sum. A model is proposed that quantitatively explains these results in terms of coherently excited nuclear states and evidentally confirms the multiphoton nature of the process.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1984•1 citation

Observation of dressed states of nuclear excitation in Fe-57

S. S. Wagal, C. B. Collins

Mössbauer transitions excited in nuclei immersed in intense radiofrequency fields under some conditions show sidebands at energies displaced from intrinsic values by integral multiples of the energy of a photon of the fields. Reported here is study of the details of this effect that support a dressed state model of the origins of the sideband transitions.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1986•0 citations

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Modification of nuclear resonant absorption by means of laser radiation is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analysis is done on the basis of four-level model of atom. This model includes both electronic and nuclear excitations. It is predicted that under coherent laser driving nuclear resonant Mossbauer absorption can be significantly modified, e.g. new Mossbauer resonances can appear, some of the existing resonances can vanish, both can be Rabi-split, broadened by laser action. In addition, it is predicted that Mossbauer absorption can be completely suppressed due to coherent population trapping. Experimental observation of laser-induced transformations of Mossbauer spectra of 57Fe2+ : MgO is accomplished. New Mossbauer lines appear with laser driving while the existing are broadened. Possible explanations of the observed changes in 57Fe2+ : MgO Mossbauer spectra are population of higher-lying electronic states of iron ion and significant modification of electronic relaxation processes due to modified Jahn-Teller interaction.

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We present the first experimental observation of the Rabi splitting of M\"ossbauer resonance lines. A radio-frequency magnetic field is tuned to induce transitions between hyperfine sublevels of the Zeeman-split excited or ground state of $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ nuclei. The line splitting corresponding to the Rabi flopping frequency is observed using a magnetically soft $^{57}\mathrm{FeNi}$ absorber foil of composition with almost zero magnetostriction.

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The direct interaction between nuclei and strong electromagnetic fields generated by novel coherent x-ray light sources such as the x-ray free electron laser is studied. We investigate the case of various stable or long-lived isotopes with energetically low-lying excited states, where the laser drives the nuclear transition from the ground to the first excited state. We therefore consider the nucleus as a two-level system including the corresponding hyperfine levels in our theoretical description. The performance of present and upcoming x-ray free electron laser facilities in coherently controlling the nuclear excited state population is analyzed for setups involving both solid state as well as accelerated nuclear targets to bridge the gap between photon and transition frequency. Current and predicted laser parameters are applied to calculate excited state populations and signal photon rates of nuclei after a radiation pulse, finding significant improvements compared to former calculations. Furthermore, we determine the parameters necessary to transfer substantial amounts of the nuclear ground state population to the excited state, and therefore to bring nuclear Rabi-oscillation within reach. Additionally, we take into account for the first time collective effects that take place in solid state targets and show that they may provide a significant effect in broadening natural linewidths of nuclear levels depending on the experimental setup. Our findings support the case of nuclear quantum optics for XFEL applications. Therefore, one hopes that eventually coherent control of nuclear transitions can be successfully applied in a number of areas in nuclear physics including preparation, control and detection methods.

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We have used states of nuclear excitation to demonstrate coherent multiphoton processes that were the analogs of well-known effects occurring at optical frequencies. Success in exciting radio-frequency sidebands on hyperfine components of the 14.4-keV Mössbauer transition of (57)Fe is described. A distinctive feature of this experiment was that the absorbing foil was rigidly bound in a graphite sandwich intended to eliminate detrimental vibrations. A model is proposed that quantitatively explains these results in terms of coherently excited nuclear states and evidentially confirms the multiphoton nature of the sidebands observed in this experiment.
It was the intent of this work to use states of nuclear excitation in order to demonstrate coherent multiphoton processes that were the analogs of well‐known effects occurring at optical frequencies. Success in exciting radiofrequency sum and difference frequency sidebands on hyperfine components of the Mössbauer transition of 57Fe near 0.086 nm is described. The transition energy of those sidebands was shown to be tunable over five line‐widths by varying the radiofrequency component of the sum. A model is proposed that quantitatively explains these results in terms of coherently excited nuclear states and evidentally confirms the multiphoton nature of the process.
Modification of nuclear resonant absorption by means of laser radiation is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analysis is done on the basis of four-level model of atom. This model includes both electronic and nuclear excitations. It is predicted that under coherent laser driving nuclear resonant Mossbauer absorption can be significantly modified, e.g. new Mossbauer resonances can appear, some of the existing resonances can vanish, both can be Rabi-split, broadened by laser action. In addition, it is predicted that Mossbauer absorption can be completely suppressed due to coherent population trapping. Experimental observation of laser-induced transformations of Mossbauer spectra of 57Fe2+ : MgO is accomplished. New Mossbauer lines appear with laser driving while the existing are broadened. Possible explanations of the observed changes in 57Fe2+ : MgO Mossbauer spectra are population of higher-lying electronic states of iron ion and significant modification of electronic relaxation processes due to modified Jahn-Teller interaction.
We present the first experimental observation of the Rabi splitting of M\"ossbauer resonance lines. A radio-frequency magnetic field is tuned to induce transitions between hyperfine sublevels of the Zeeman-split excited or ground state of 57Fe^{57}\mathrm{Fe}57Fe nuclei. The line splitting corresponding to the Rabi flopping frequency is observed using a magnetically soft 57FeNi^{57}\mathrm{FeNi}57FeNi absorber foil of composition with almost zero magnetostriction.
The project is focused on theoretical and experimental studies of the quantum coherence effects at the atomic and nuclear transitions in solids. The main results are the following. 1. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and all-optical writing and probing of quantum coherence in room temperature solids are demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 2. The method for coherent suppression of excited state absorption in laser crystals is suggested. It opens the prospects for realization of the variety tunable solid state lasers including UV and VUV ranges. 3. High-efficient THz generation by means of resonant three-level mixing based on EIT in solids is predicted. 4. EIT in gamma-ray range of frequencies at the nuclear transitions via the nuclear level crossing is demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 5. Slowing of the gamma-ray photons due to the absorption line doublet is demonstrated in the first time. 6. Modifications of the Mossbauer absorption spectra under the action of laser radiation demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 7. The method for suppression of the inhomogeneous line broadening of the Mossbauer spectra is suggested.
The direct interaction between nuclei and strong electromagnetic fields generated by novel coherent x-ray light sources such as the x-ray free electron laser is studied. We investigate the case of various stable or long-lived isotopes with energetically low-lying excited states, where the laser drives the nuclear transition from the ground to the first excited state. We therefore consider the nucleus as a two-level system including the corresponding hyperfine levels in our theoretical description. The performance of present and upcoming x-ray free electron laser facilities in coherently controlling the nuclear excited state population is analyzed for setups involving both solid state as well as accelerated nuclear targets to bridge the gap between photon and transition frequency. Current and predicted laser parameters are applied to calculate excited state populations and signal photon rates of nuclei after a radiation pulse, finding significant improvements compared to former calculations. Furthermore, we determine the parameters necessary to transfer substantial amounts of the nuclear ground state population to the excited state, and therefore to bring nuclear Rabi-oscillation within reach. Additionally, we take into account for the first time collective effects that take place in solid state targets and show that they may provide a significant effect in broadening natural linewidths of nuclear levels depending on the experimental setup. Our findings support the case of nuclear quantum optics for XFEL applications. Therefore, one hopes that eventually coherent control of nuclear transitions can be successfully applied in a number of areas in nuclear physics including preparation, control and detection methods.