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Physical Review Letters

Observation of Mössbauer resonance line splitting caused by Rabi oscillations

Ilkka Juhani Tittonen, Mikk Lippmaa, Erkki Ikonen, Johan Kaarle Mikael Lindén, Toivo E. Katila

Published Nov 9, 1992• 50 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the first experimental observation of the Rabi splitting of M\"ossbauer resonance lines. A radio-frequency magnetic field is tuned to induce transitions between hyperfine sublevels of the Zeeman-split excited or ground state of $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ nuclei. The line splitting corresponding to the Rabi flopping frequency is observed using a magnetically soft $^{57}\mathrm{FeNi}$ absorber foil of composition with almost zero magnetostriction.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.69.2815

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We present the first experimental observation of the Rabi splitting of M"ossbauer resonance lines. A radio-frequency magnetic field is tuned to induce transitions between hyperfine sublevels of the Zeeman-split excited or ground state of 57Fe^{57}\mathrm{Fe}57Fe nuclei. The line splitting corresponding to the Rabi flopping frequency is observed using a magnetically soft 57FeNi^{57}\mathrm{FeNi}57FeNi absorber foil of composition with almost zero magnetostriction.
We study theoretically resonance absorption of \ensuremath{\gamma} rays by nuclei exposed to an external radio-frequency (rf) magnetic field. The external field is taken to couple directly to the nuclear magnetic moments. Perturbation theory is developed for M\"ossbauer spectroscopy in terms of Floquet eigenstates that incorporate the rf field exactly. The present treatment allows for calculation of the conventional time-averaged absorption spectrum, as well as analysis of the time dependence of absorption, resolved on the scale of a period of the rf field. An efficient numerical implementation of the theory is described and comparisons with the equally general approach of Salkola and Stenholm [M. Salkola and S. Stenholm, Phys. Rev. A 41, 3838 (1990)] are made. We demonstrate that even at off-resonance frequencies a strong modulation leads to shifts of the original static hyperfine lines. Examples of line splittings of NMR's associated with Rabi flopping are also shown. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We study how a Rabi oscillation is affected by a periodic pulsed perturbation. Unlike a continuous perturbation, which simply shifts the resonance frequency, a pulsed perturbation splits the Rabi resonance into two lines separated by the pulse repetition rate. When the perturbation integrated over one pulse is equal to $\ensuremath{\pi}$, the resonance splits into two symmetrically placed lines at \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} half the pulse repetition rate. When it is $2\ensuremath{\pi}$, the Rabi oscillation is unaffected by the perturbation. We demonstrate these behaviors using the ground hyperfine transition of cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap. The pulsed perturbation is introduced by a periodic magnetic field pulse. The $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ case is compared with the self-induced transparency, and its implications for optical frequency metrology using a pulsed optical trap is discussed.
We report an experimental study of one- and two-photon Rabi oscillations and other coherent effects in microwave transitions between Rydberg states of calcium. Selective field ionization allows us to observe the time evolution of both the initial and final states with high discrimination. The experiments include measurements of the dependence of the one- and two-photon oscillation frequencies on microwave power and detuning from resonance. We have used the off-resonant behavior of the two-photon oscillation frequency to measure the ac Stark shift. In a magnetic field we have also observed the free evolution of the magnetic sublevels and the effect of Zeeman splitting on the one-photon Rabi oscillations. The theory for these experiments is presented; our results are in excellent agreement.