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Optical control of nuclear resonant absorption: theory and experiment

Roman L. Kolesov

Published Sep 30, 2004• 0 citations
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Abstract

Modification of nuclear resonant absorption by means of laser radiation is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analysis is done on the basis of four-level model of atom. This model includes both electronic and nuclear excitations. It is predicted that under coherent laser driving nuclear resonant Mossbauer absorption can be significantly modified, e.g. new Mossbauer resonances can appear, some of the existing resonances can vanish, both can be Rabi-split, broadened by laser action. In addition, it is predicted that Mossbauer absorption can be completely suppressed due to coherent population trapping. Experimental observation of laser-induced transformations of Mossbauer spectra of 57Fe2+ : MgO is accomplished. New Mossbauer lines appear with laser driving while the existing are broadened. Possible explanations of the observed changes in 57Fe2+ : MgO Mossbauer spectra are population of higher-lying electronic states of iron ion and significant modification of electronic relaxation processes due to modified Jahn-Teller interaction.

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Modification of nuclear resonant absorption by means of laser radiation is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analysis is done on the basis of four-level model of atom. This model includes both electronic and nuclear excitations. It is predicted that under coherent laser driving nuclear resonant Mossbauer absorption can be significantly modified, e.g. new Mossbauer resonances can appear, some of the existing resonances can vanish, both can be Rabi-split, broadened by laser action. In addition, it is predicted that Mossbauer absorption can be completely suppressed due to coherent population trapping. Experimental observation of laser-induced transformations of Mossbauer spectra of 57Fe2+ : MgO is accomplished. New Mossbauer lines appear with laser driving while the existing are broadened. Possible explanations of the observed changes in 57Fe2+ : MgO Mossbauer spectra are population of higher-lying electronic states of iron ion and significant modification of electronic relaxation processes due to modified Jahn-Teller interaction.
The project is focused on theoretical and experimental studies of the quantum coherence effects at the atomic and nuclear transitions in solids. The main results are the following. 1. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and all-optical writing and probing of quantum coherence in room temperature solids are demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 2. The method for coherent suppression of excited state absorption in laser crystals is suggested. It opens the prospects for realization of the variety tunable solid state lasers including UV and VUV ranges. 3. High-efficient THz generation by means of resonant three-level mixing based on EIT in solids is predicted. 4. EIT in gamma-ray range of frequencies at the nuclear transitions via the nuclear level crossing is demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 5. Slowing of the gamma-ray photons due to the absorption line doublet is demonstrated in the first time. 6. Modifications of the Mossbauer absorption spectra under the action of laser radiation demonstrated experimentally in the first time. 7. The method for suppression of the inhomogeneous line broadening of the Mossbauer spectra is suggested.
Summary form only given. Recently, it was predicted that laser radiation can be used to manipulate very efficiently nuclear transitions at gamma-ray energies in solids. It results in both drastic qualitative and strong qualitative modifications of the Mossbauer spectra under the action of coherent optical radiation. The solid sample represents a host matrix where high densities of the ions are embedded by doping. The ions should possess both Mossbauer gamma-ray and optical electronic transitions favorable for the desired effects to be observed. Basically one needs Mossbauer-active ions with strong and sharp optical lines. The latter condition is typically satisfied for rare-earth and transition-metal ions in crystalline hosts and, remarkably, the majority of them are also Mossbauer-active.
Summary form only given. Recently, it was predicted that laser radiation can be used to manipulate very efficiently nuclear transitions at gamma-ray energies in solids. It results in both drastic qualitative and strong qualitative modifications of the Mossbauer spectra under the action of coherent optical radiation. The solid sample represents a host matrix where high densities of the ions are embedded by doping. The ions should possess both Mossbauer gamma-ray and optical electronic transitions favorable for the desired effects to be observed. Basically one needs Mossbauer-active ions with strong and sharp optical lines. The latter condition is typically satisfied for rare-earth and transition-metal ions in crystalline hosts and, remarkably, the majority of them are also Mossbauer-active.
The direct interaction between nuclei and strong electromagnetic fields generated by novel coherent x-ray light sources such as the x-ray free electron laser is studied. We investigate the case of various stable or long-lived isotopes with energetically low-lying excited states, where the laser drives the nuclear transition from the ground to the first excited state. We therefore consider the nucleus as a two-level system including the corresponding hyperfine levels in our theoretical description. The performance of present and upcoming x-ray free electron laser facilities in coherently controlling the nuclear excited state population is analyzed for setups involving both solid state as well as accelerated nuclear targets to bridge the gap between photon and transition frequency. Current and predicted laser parameters are applied to calculate excited state populations and signal photon rates of nuclei after a radiation pulse, finding significant improvements compared to former calculations. Furthermore, we determine the parameters necessary to transfer substantial amounts of the nuclear ground state population to the excited state, and therefore to bring nuclear Rabi-oscillation within reach. Additionally, we take into account for the first time collective effects that take place in solid state targets and show that they may provide a significant effect in broadening natural linewidths of nuclear levels depending on the experimental setup. Our findings support the case of nuclear quantum optics for XFEL applications. Therefore, one hopes that eventually coherent control of nuclear transitions can be successfully applied in a number of areas in nuclear physics including preparation, control and detection methods.
Summary form only given. The gamma-ray laser dilemma states that incoherent pump required to produce a population inversion would unavoidable destroy the conditions of the Mossbauer and Borrmann effects which are crucial for realization of the net gain. For four decades this dilemma prevailed all over the researches on gamma-ray lasers, making hopeless any attempt to approach a problem of gamma-ray laser. Recently it was shown that laser driving of bounded electronic transitions in atoms provides efficient manipulation by the Mossbauer spectra of nuclear transitions. Under certain conditions it leads to suppression of resonant absorption by 3-5 orders of magnitude reducing it up to the level of off-resonant losses in the host matrix. In turn, suppression of the resonant absorption reduces by the same amount the requirement for incoherent pump and accordingly heating of the active sample. This allows to pump active nuclei in the host lattice without destroying the conditions of both Mossbauer and Borrmann effects. Moreover it allows to pump resonantly at the operating transition that increases additionally the efficiency of the incoherent pump by 1-2 orders of magnitude. All together gamma-ray laser schemes involving laser driving of electronic transitions reduce the laser threshold by 4-7 orders of magnitude and hence suggest a completely new path for solution of the gamma-ray laser problem.