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AIP conference proceedings

Observation of dressed states of nuclear excitation in Fe-57

S. S. Wagal, C. B. Collins

Published Jan 1, 1986• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Mössbauer transitions excited in nuclei immersed in intense radiofrequency fields under some conditions show sidebands at energies displaced from intrinsic values by integral multiples of the energy of a photon of the fields. Reported here is study of the details of this effect that support a dressed state model of the origins of the sideband transitions.

DOI
10.1063/1.35918

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International Laser Science Conference•Jan 1, 1986•0 citations
Mössbauer transitions excited in nuclei immersed in intense radiofrequency fields under some conditions show sidebands at energies displaced from intrinsic values by integral multiples of the energy of a photon of the fields. Reported here is study of the details of this effect that support a dressed state model of the origins of the sideband transitions.
We have used states of nuclear excitation to demonstrate coherent multiphoton processes that were the analogs of well-known effects occurring at optical frequencies. Success in exciting radio-frequency sidebands on hyperfine components of the 14.4-keV Mössbauer transition of (57)Fe is described. A distinctive feature of this experiment was that the absorbing foil was rigidly bound in a graphite sandwich intended to eliminate detrimental vibrations. A model is proposed that quantitatively explains these results in terms of coherently excited nuclear states and evidentially confirms the multiphoton nature of the sidebands observed in this experiment.
It was the intent of this work to use states of nuclear excitation in order to demonstrate coherent multiphoton processes that were the analogs of well‐known effects occurring at optical frequencies. Success in exciting radiofrequency sum and difference frequency sidebands on hyperfine components of the Mössbauer transition of 57Fe near 0.086 nm is described. The transition energy of those sidebands was shown to be tunable over five line‐widths by varying the radiofrequency component of the sum. A model is proposed that quantitatively explains these results in terms of coherently excited nuclear states and evidentally confirms the multiphoton nature of the process.
Due to the virtual photon exchange between atomic nuclei and the field of zero-point electromagnetic oscillations, some nuclei of a given sample are in a virtual excited state with the lifetime ∼ħ/ E , where E is the energy of nuclear level. For 57 Fe nuclei, whose first excited state has an energy of 14.4 keV, this time is equal to ∼4.6×10 −20 s. If a thin 57 Fe Mössbauer gamma-ray absorber is surrounded by a thick screen of the same atoms, the number of virtual excited nuclei in the absorber decreases and, at first glance, it should more strongly absorb Mössbauer gamma rays emitted by an external source and passing through the absorber. In this work, the ratio of the intensities of 14.4-keV gamma rays emitted by the 57 Fe nuclide and passing through the thin resonant absorber is measured in the absence and presence of the resonant screen around the absorber. Comparison shows that these ratios measured for the gamma source at rest and in the oscillating state differ by 0.00123±0.00075. This value should be treated as the upper limit for the desired effect under these experimental conditions.
As part of our general programme to develop the field of quantum nucleonics, we have studied Mössbauer spectroscopy when there is Zeeman splitting of the nuclear levels and a further interaction due to an applied rf-radiation field. We have applied the `dressed' state concept, developed in quantum electronics, to this situation. In particular, we have studied the case when the rf frequency is in the neighbourhood of the ground state (spin =1/2) splitting. The dressed-state approach in this case treats the coupling of nuclear Zeeman levels, due to an rf field, by considering the total system made up of nucleus, static magnetic field and rf field as one global quantum system. This allows the time evolution of the system to be handled straightforwardly. The energy levels and corresponding eigenstates of the system are calculated as a function of the rf frequency and the magnitude of the rf magnetic flux density. Mössbauer spectra are calculated for the case in which the source is subjected to both the static and radiation fields while the absorber nuclear levels are unsplit. Spectra are given as a function of the rf frequency, the magnitude of rf-field magnetic flux density, as well as the photon direction.
As its name implies, coherent upconversion would allow nuclear materials to be pumped with an intense but conventional coherent source such as a laser. Threshold powers would be much lower than usually projected for a gamma-ray laser and the pump sources could be drawn from a more mature technology. This scheme for pumping a gamma-ray laser depends on the development of states of nuclear excitation dressed by the photons of the pump field. Of particular importance is that the metastability of adressed isomeric state would be released, and with it the stored energy. Recently we published a Letter showing a rather close agreement between our first experimental measurements and a dressed state theory. As described in this paper, additional spectroscopic detail has been measured which now shows strong quantum structure that resulted from the formation of a resonance arising from certain dressed states of Fe-57 driven by intense rf fields. Moreover, these dressed states of nuclear excitation were found to have just the properties expected. Critical significance accrues from this result because the dressed states were created in iron nuclei diluted in nonmagnetic stainless steel by the transfer of a driving B-field that had been greatly enhanced by the ferromagnetism of an adjacent layer. In this way the dependence of dressed nuclear states on the ferromagnetism of their diluent was eliminated.