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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Experimental search for the effect of resonant environment on the Mössbauer absorption of gamma rays by 57Fe

V. G. Alpatov, Yu.D. Bayukov, А. В. Давыдов, Yu. N. Isaev, G. R. Kartashov, М. М. Коротков, S. Reiman, V. M. Samoylov

Published Jul 1, 2004• 0 citations

Abstract

Due to the virtual photon exchange between atomic nuclei and the field of zero-point electromagnetic oscillations, some nuclei of a given sample are in a virtual excited state with the lifetime ∼ħ/ E , where E is the energy of nuclear level. For 57 Fe nuclei, whose first excited state has an energy of 14.4 keV, this time is equal to ∼4.6×10 −20 s. If a thin 57 Fe Mössbauer gamma-ray absorber is surrounded by a thick screen of the same atoms, the number of virtual excited nuclei in the absorber decreases and, at first glance, it should more strongly absorb Mössbauer gamma rays emitted by an external source and passing through the absorber. In this work, the ratio of the intensities of 14.4-keV gamma rays emitted by the 57 Fe nuclide and passing through the thin resonant absorber is measured in the absence and presence of the resonant screen around the absorber. Comparison shows that these ratios measured for the gamma source at rest and in the oscillating state differ by 0.00123±0.00075. This value should be treated as the upper limit for the desired effect under these experimental conditions.

DOI: 10.1134/1.1800204

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Due to the virtual photon exchange between atomic nuclei and the field of zero-point electromagnetic oscillations, some nuclei of a given sample are in a virtual excited state with the lifetime ∼ħ/ E , where E is the energy of nuclear level. For 57 Fe nuclei, whose first excited state has an energy of 14.4 keV, this time is equal to ∼4.6×10 −20 s. If a thin 57 Fe Mössbauer gamma-ray absorber is surrounded by a thick screen of the same atoms, the number of virtual excited nuclei in the absorber decreases and, at first glance, it should more strongly absorb Mössbauer gamma rays emitted by an external source and passing through the absorber. In this work, the ratio of the intensities of 14.4-keV gamma rays emitted by the 57 Fe nuclide and passing through the thin resonant absorber is measured in the absence and presence of the resonant screen around the absorber. Comparison shows that these ratios measured for the gamma source at rest and in the oscillating state differ by 0.00123±0.00075. This value should be treated as the upper limit for the desired effect under these experimental conditions.

Abstract Recently, an observation of acoustically induced transparency (AIT) of a stainless-steel foil for resonant 14.4-keV photons from a radioactive 57Co Mössbauer source due to collective uniform oscillations of atomic nuclei was reported [Phys Rev Lett 124,163602, 2020]. In this paper, we propose to use the steep resonant dispersion of the absorber within the AIT spectral window to dramatically reduce a propagation velocity of γ-ray and x-ray photons. In particular, we show that a significant fraction (more than 40%) of a 97-ns γ-ray single-photon wave packet from a 57Co radioactive source can be slowed down up to 3 m/s and delayed by 144 ns in a 57Fe-enriched stainless-steel foil at room temperature. We also show that a similarly significant slowing down up to 24 m/s and a delay by 42 ns can be achieved for more than 70% of the 100-ns 14.4-keV x-ray single-photon pulse from a synchrotron Mössbauer source available at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and Spring-8 facility. The propagation velocity can be widely controlled by changing the absorber vibration frequency. Achieving the propagation velocity on the order of 1–50 m/s would set a record in the hard x-ray range, comparable to what was obtained in the optical range.

The time-delayed scattering in 14.4 keV Mossbauer resonance at 57 Fe has been intensively studied using pulsed synchrotron radiation source and delayed coincidence technique. Here, results of x-ray interferometric experiments are shown, which were obtained at KEK with this nuclear resonance. There, the interference arises from the beams re-emitted by different nuclei with some time interval after the absorption of a single incident photon. High visibility interference oscillations verified the coherent superposition as well as the complete coincidence in the time domain of the beams after the nuclear resonance. The collective nuclear excitations from a single photon are discussed with regard to the no-reduction of the detection probability. In addition, the phase information transfer in successive absorption and re-emission with time-delay, and the dispersion effect at the nuclear resonance are shown.

We propose a technique of ultra-short $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray pulses production with a pulse duration much less than the natural lifetime of a nucleus excited state. The technique is based on compression of frequency modulated radiation of a Mossbauer source while propagating in a far-detuned resonant absorber. Numerical estimates for

{}^{57}\mathrm{Fe}

14.413 keV nuclear resonance energy show feasibility of experimental realization of the technique

In [Y.V. Radeonychev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 163602 (2020)], we reported the observation of the acoustically induced transparency of a stainless steel foil for 14.4-keV resonant gamma-ray photons from a 57Co radioactive Mössbauer source, which is similar to electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler–Townes splitting. In this work, we show that the use of a stainless steel foil with a certain thickness that is enriched in 57Fe and oscillates at the optimal frequency under the same experimental conditions can slow down a single-photon wave packet of gamma radiation with a duration of about 80 ns from the 57Co source to a velocity of less than 6 m/s with a delay of about 100 ns at room temperature.

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\gamma

-ray pulses are similar to the digitization of information carried by electromagnetic waves. They can also be used to develop Mösbauer spectroscopy of the atomic and subatomic structures, as well as open novel opportunities for

\gamma

-ray quantum optics.

A method has been proposed to reconstruct at arbitrary time the spectral–temporal characteristics of a 14.4‑keV single-photon wave packet that is emitted by a 57Co source and is resonantly absorbed in the medium of 57Fe nuclei. The method is based on the frequency separation of the field emitted by the source and resonance nuclear polarization induced by this field by means of delayed acoustically induced transparency of the absorber, which appears after the activation of oscillations of the absorber at the corresponding frequency and amplitude. The proposed method has been compared to the known quantum-optical memory methods and methods of nuclear polarization control in the gamma-ray range. Experimental conditions have been proposed to implement the method. It has been shown that this method allows the implementation of the time-resolved Mössbauer spectroscopy of various media.