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Scientific Reports

Acoustically induced transparency for synchrotron hard x-ray photons

I. R. Khairulin, Yevgeny V. Radeonychev, V. A. Antonov, Olga A. Kocharovskaya

Published Apr 12, 2021• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The induced transparency of opaque medium for resonant electromagnetic radiation is a powerful tool for manipulating the field-matter interaction. Various techniques to make different physical systems transparent for radiation from microwaves to x-rays were implemented. Most of them are based on the modification of the quantum-optical properties of the medium under the action of an external coherent electromagnetic field. Recently, an observation of acoustically induced transparency (AIT) of the 57Fe absorber for resonant 14.4-keV photons from the radioactive 57Co source was reported. About 150-fold suppression of the resonant absorption of photons due to collective acoustic oscillations of the nuclei was demonstrated. In this paper, we extend the AIT phenomenon to a novel phase-locked regime, when the transmitted photons are synchronized with the absorber vibration. We show that the advantages of synchrotron Mössbauer sources such as the deterministic periodic emission of radiation and controlled spectral-temporal characteristics of the emitted photons along with high-intensity photon flux in a tightly focused beam, make it possible to efficiently implement this regime, paving the way for the development of the acoustically controlled interface between hard x-ray photons and nuclear ensembles.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-021-86555-x

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Slowing down x-ray photons in a vibrating recoilless resonant absorber

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Abstract Recently, an observation of acoustically induced transparency (AIT) of a stainless-steel foil for resonant 14.4-keV photons from a radioactive 57Co Mössbauer source due to collective uniform oscillations of atomic nuclei was reported [Phys Rev Lett 124,163602, 2020]. In this paper, we propose to use the steep resonant dispersion of the absorber within the AIT spectral window to dramatically reduce a propagation velocity of γ-ray and x-ray photons. In particular, we show that a significant fraction (more than 40%) of a 97-ns γ-ray single-photon wave packet from a 57Co radioactive source can be slowed down up to 3 m/s and delayed by 144 ns in a 57Fe-enriched stainless-steel foil at room temperature. We also show that a similarly significant slowing down up to 24 m/s and a delay by 42 ns can be achieved for more than 70% of the 100-ns 14.4-keV x-ray single-photon pulse from a synchrotron Mössbauer source available at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and Spring-8 facility. The propagation velocity can be widely controlled by changing the absorber vibration frequency. Achieving the propagation velocity on the order of 1–50 m/s would set a record in the hard x-ray range, comparable to what was obtained in the optical range.

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A method has been proposed to reconstruct at arbitrary time the spectral–temporal characteristics of a 14.4‑keV single-photon wave packet that is emitted by a 57Co source and is resonantly absorbed in the medium of 57Fe nuclei. The method is based on the frequency separation of the field emitted by the source and resonance nuclear polarization induced by this field by means of delayed acoustically induced transparency of the absorber, which appears after the activation of oscillations of the absorber at the corresponding frequency and amplitude. The proposed method has been compared to the known quantum-optical memory methods and methods of nuclear polarization control in the gamma-ray range. Experimental conditions have been proposed to implement the method. It has been shown that this method allows the implementation of the time-resolved Mössbauer spectroscopy of various media.

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On the Possibility of Propagation of Gamma-Ray Photons at a Velocity Less Than 6 m/s at Room Temperature by Means of Acoustically Induced Transparency

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In [Y.V. Radeonychev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 163602 (2020)], we reported the observation of the acoustically induced transparency of a stainless steel foil for 14.4-keV resonant gamma-ray photons from a 57Co radioactive Mössbauer source, which is similar to electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler–Townes splitting. In this work, we show that the use of a stainless steel foil with a certain thickness that is enriched in 57Fe and oscillates at the optimal frequency under the same experimental conditions can slow down a single-photon wave packet of gamma radiation with a duration of about 80 ns from the 57Co source to a velocity of less than 6 m/s with a delay of about 100 ns at room temperature.

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On-demand acoustic shaping of Mossbauer gamma-ray photons

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We propose a technique that makes it possible to transform the intensity of a quasi-monochromatic single-photon wave packet, emitted by a radioactive Mössbauer gamma-ray source, into a sequence of short bursts with an arbitrary number of bursts, including a single burst. In addition, the technique allows one to individually and independently control, on demand, the moments of the burst appearance, as well as the peak intensity, duration and shape of each burst in the sequence. The technique is based on the transmission of Mössbauer (recoilless) photons through a resonantly absorbing medium, which is rapidly displaced at some moments of time relative to the source (or vice versa) along the photon propagation direction at a distance less than the photon wavelength, and returned to its original position. The burst durations can be comparable to the duration of the single-photon pulses produced by synchrotrons but have the controlled spectral-temporal characteristics. We show that the proposed technique can be implemented on the basis of currently available equipment with use of 14.4-keV recoilless photons, emitted by Co-57 source, and Fe-57 absorber, which opens up prospects for its applications in Mössbauer spectroscopy and x-ray quantum optics.

arXiv:2410.16157•Oct 21, 2024•1 citation
Abstract The induced transparency of opaque medium for resonant electromagnetic radiation is a powerful tool for manipulating the field-matter interaction. Various techniques to make different physical systems transparent for radiation from microwaves to x-rays were implemented. Most of them are based on the modification of the quantum-optical properties of the medium under the action of an external coherent electromagnetic field. Recently, an observation of acoustically induced transparency (AIT) of the 57Fe absorber for resonant 14.4-keV photons from the radioactive 57Co source was reported. About 150-fold suppression of the resonant absorption of photons due to collective acoustic oscillations of the nuclei was demonstrated. In this paper, we extend the AIT phenomenon to a novel phase-locked regime, when the transmitted photons are synchronized with the absorber vibration. We show that the advantages of synchrotron Mössbauer sources such as the deterministic periodic emission of radiation and controlled spectral-temporal characteristics of the emitted photons along with high-intensity photon flux in a tightly focused beam, make it possible to efficiently implement this regime, paving the way for the development of the acoustically controlled interface between hard x-ray photons and nuclear ensembles.
Abstract Recently, an observation of acoustically induced transparency (AIT) of a stainless-steel foil for resonant 14.4-keV photons from a radioactive 57Co Mössbauer source due to collective uniform oscillations of atomic nuclei was reported [Phys Rev Lett 124,163602, 2020]. In this paper, we propose to use the steep resonant dispersion of the absorber within the AIT spectral window to dramatically reduce a propagation velocity of γ-ray and x-ray photons. In particular, we show that a significant fraction (more than 40%) of a 97-ns γ-ray single-photon wave packet from a 57Co radioactive source can be slowed down up to 3 m/s and delayed by 144 ns in a 57Fe-enriched stainless-steel foil at room temperature. We also show that a similarly significant slowing down up to 24 m/s and a delay by 42 ns can be achieved for more than 70% of the 100-ns 14.4-keV x-ray single-photon pulse from a synchrotron Mössbauer source available at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and Spring-8 facility. The propagation velocity can be widely controlled by changing the absorber vibration frequency. Achieving the propagation velocity on the order of 1–50 m/s would set a record in the hard x-ray range, comparable to what was obtained in the optical range.
We report an observation of a 148-fold suppression of resonant absorption of 14.4 keV photons from exp(-5.2) to exp(-0.2) with preservation of their spectral and temporal characteristics in an ensemble of the resonant two-level ^{57}Fe nuclei at room temperature. The transparency was induced via collective acoustic oscillations of nuclei. The proposed technique allows extending the concept of induced optical transparency to a hard x-ray or γ-ray range and paves the way for acoustically controllable interface between x-ray or γ-ray photons and nuclear ensembles, advancing the field of x-ray or γ-ray quantum optics.
A method has been proposed to reconstruct at arbitrary time the spectral–temporal characteristics of a 14.4‑keV single-photon wave packet that is emitted by a 57Co source and is resonantly absorbed in the medium of 57Fe nuclei. The method is based on the frequency separation of the field emitted by the source and resonance nuclear polarization induced by this field by means of delayed acoustically induced transparency of the absorber, which appears after the activation of oscillations of the absorber at the corresponding frequency and amplitude. The proposed method has been compared to the known quantum-optical memory methods and methods of nuclear polarization control in the gamma-ray range. Experimental conditions have been proposed to implement the method. It has been shown that this method allows the implementation of the time-resolved Mössbauer spectroscopy of various media.
In [Y.V. Radeonychev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 163602 (2020)], we reported the observation of the acoustically induced transparency of a stainless steel foil for 14.4-keV resonant gamma-ray photons from a 57Co radioactive Mössbauer source, which is similar to electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler–Townes splitting. In this work, we show that the use of a stainless steel foil with a certain thickness that is enriched in 57Fe and oscillates at the optimal frequency under the same experimental conditions can slow down a single-photon wave packet of gamma radiation with a duration of about 80 ns from the 57Co source to a velocity of less than 6 m/s with a delay of about 100 ns at room temperature.
Abstract The narrow nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes constitute almost ideal two‐level systems to study cooperative effects in the interaction of x‐rays with matter. Embedding an ensemble of resonant Mössbauer nuclei into a planar cavity facilitates the excitation of superradiant oscillatory eigenmodes via pulses of synchrotron radiation. These modes exhibit a large collective Lamb shift that can be controlled via the excitation conditions and the cavity geometry. Cooperative emission in connection with the radiative coupling of two resonant ensembles in a cavity leads to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This contribution gives a review on cooperative effects in nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation. Special emphasis is given to the basic principles of recent experiments that led to the observation of the collective Lamb shift and EIT with nuclear resonances in the regime of hard x‐rays.
We propose a technique that makes it possible to transform the intensity of a quasi-monochromatic single-photon wave packet, emitted by a radioactive Mössbauer gamma-ray source, into a sequence of short bursts with an arbitrary number of bursts, including a single burst. In addition, the technique allows one to individually and independently control, on demand, the moments of the burst appearance, as well as the peak intensity, duration and shape of each burst in the sequence. The technique is based on the transmission of Mössbauer (recoilless) photons through a resonantly absorbing medium, which is rapidly displaced at some moments of time relative to the source (or vice versa) along the photon propagation direction at a distance less than the photon wavelength, and returned to its original position. The burst durations can be comparable to the duration of the single-photon pulses produced by synchrotrons but have the controlled spectral-temporal characteristics. We show that the proposed technique can be implemented on the basis of currently available equipment with use of 14.4-keV recoilless photons, emitted by Co-57 source, and Fe-57 absorber, which opens up prospects for its applications in Mössbauer spectroscopy and x-ray quantum optics.