Recent progress in the study of both absorptive and dispersive bistability in semiconductor lasers is reviewed. Inhomogeneously excited semiconductor lasers as an absorptive case and resonant type laser diode amplifiers as a dispersive case, are described.
Dispersive optical bistability is reviewed with particular emphasis on trans- mission characteristics, time dependence, cascadability and fan-out capability of bistable diode laser amplifiers. Bistability in inhomogeneously excited diode lasers, gain quenching and polarization bistability are also discussed. Different applica- tions of bistable lasers are then reviewed, including all-optical regeneration, time- division switching, colored optical interconnects, optical crossbar switches and optical look-up tables.
Static and dynamic properties of dispersive optical bistability (OB) in semiconductor lasers biased from below to above threshold has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The OB result is found to be varied continuously from below to above threshold. Although conventionally the OB switch-off time in dispersive semiconductor laser amplifiers is limited by the effective carrier lifetime, a much faster OB switch-off can be obtained when a laser diode operates well above threshold in the injection-locked condition.>
A review is given of reported results for optical bistability in semiconductors, with especial reference to that occurring in laser structures. Estimates are made of likely improvements that may occur in power-speed trade-offs for these devices. It is concluded that laser amplifier bistability offers comparable or, in some cases, better total energy budgets than for other forms and has the useful attribute of optical gain. However, extreme wavelength sensitivity and difficulty in forming large two-dimensional arrays using today's technology mitigate against use of the amplifier for large-scale optical logic. These two factors may be avoided by the use of self-electro-optic effect devices (SEEDs), which are less wavelength-sensitive, and by multiple-quantum-well dispersive etalons in the case of requirements for large amounts of parallel processing.