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Journal of Lightwave Technology

Ultra-Low Quantum-Defect Heating in Ytterbium-Doped Aluminosilicate Fibers

Tianfu Yao, Junhua Ji, Johan Nilsson

Published Nov 19, 2013• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the quantum defect between pump and signal photons in ytterbium-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers, and find that this can be as low as 0.6%. We find that the lowest quantum defects can be achieved with a low area ratio between the pump and signal waveguide of a double-clad fiber, and with high-brightness pumping in the core being an ultimate approach. The change in achievable quantum defect is small over a relatively large range of pump wavelengths, but it is still necessary to optimize the wavelengths and match the fiber length to reach the smallest quantum defect.

DOI
10.1109/jlt.2013.2290284

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We theoretically investigate the quantum defect between pump and signal photons in ytterbium-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers, and find that this can be as low as 0.6%. We find that the lowest quantum defects can be achieved with a low area ratio between the pump and signal waveguide of a double-clad fiber, and with high-brightness pumping in the core being an ultimate approach. The change in achievable quantum defect is small over a relatively large range of pump wavelengths, but it is still necessary to optimize the wavelengths and match the fiber length to reach the smallest quantum defect.
In this paper, we propose a simple model to investigate the quantum defect between pump and signal photons in thulium-doped fiber amplifiers. The achievable quantum defects are limited by several factors, i.e., pump and signal wavelengths, fiber length, area ratio between inner cladding and core, and gain and absorption at signal and pump wavelengths, respectively. Through the proposed model, we find that the quantum defect can reach as low as 1%-level. We also find that the smaller area ratio between inner cladding and core, the lower quantum defect can be obtained. The ultimate pumping approach will be core pumping. This can be realized through tandem pumping the thulium-doped fiber by the other fiber source at shorter wavelength with high brightness. Finally, it is necessary to optimize the pump and signal wavelengths and match the fiber length to obtain the lowest quantum defect.
We report all-optical signal gating using ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) and a pair of thermally expanded core fibers (TECFs). Splicing the YDF with two TECFs at their expanded-core ends, we obtained an interference pattern in the transmission spectrum of the device. When pumped by a laser diode at 980 nm, the interference fringes shift to longer wavelength due mainly to the resonantly enhanced nonlinearity of the YDF. Consequently, signals within the interference pattern can be gated or blocked all optically. Full gating of cw signals at 1564.21 and 1564.54 nm were obtained using a pump power of about 38.44 mW.
A study of the complex atomic susceptibility of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers operating near the 1.53- mu m transition (/sup 4/I/sub 13/2/-/sup 4/I/sub 15/2/) developed from a semiclassical theoretical description is presented. Expressions for the emission cross section sigma /sub e/( lambda ) and absorption cross section sigma /sub a/( lambda ) of erbium:glass as a quasi-three-level laser system with Stark-split sublevel manifolds are derived. The results are used to calculate the cross sections of aluminosilicate erbium-doped fibers at low temperatures (T=4.2, 77 K) and at room temperature. It is demonstrated that an expression for the gain coefficient of the fiber amplifier can be derived from the expression of the susceptibility. Using Kramers-Kronig relations, an expression for the refractive index change in the fiber is derived. The theoretical spectral gain profile of the fiber amplifier and concurrent refractive index changes are analyzed for different pumping regimes.>
A model is presented for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers that operate by an upconversion process in which two pump photons at ~800 nm are absorbed and can provide an inverted population and hence the ability to amplify signal photons at ~850 nm. The most important spectroscopic features of the amplifier are identified and used to formulate a theory that predicts how the amplifier gain varies with fiber length and doping density, as well as with launched pump and signal powers. The limitation that amplified spontaneous emission imposes on the gain is investigated, and useful approximate formulas are derived in the limit where amplified spontaneous emission is negligible.