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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Research on noise and quantum conversion efficiency of Yb doped fiber amplifiers

Haiyan Chen, Xiaoliang Ma, Yuewen Han, Yin Zhang, Chunxiong Huang

Published Nov 2, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Noise and quantum conversion efficiency(QCE) of ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier are researched theoretically in this paper. From the rate and propagation equations describing ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier system, the noise and QCE are calculated, and the effect of pump power, Yb doped concentration, and device length on noise and QCE is also discussed with 975nm pump wavelength.

DOI
10.1117/12.740038

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Noise and quantum conversion efficiency(QCE) of ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier are researched theoretically in this paper. From the rate and propagation equations describing ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier system, the noise and QCE are calculated, and the effect of pump power, Yb doped concentration, and device length on noise and QCE is also discussed with 975nm pump wavelength.
Some analysis of the transient response of the Yb-doped fiber amplifier are performed by solving a set of time-dependent rate and power transfer equations based on finite-difference method. Meanwhile, the variation of time to reach the steady state for upper level population distribution, the forward and backward amplified spontaneous emissions (ASEs) and stored energy on the system parameters including pump power, fiber length, Yb-doped concentration, and core area are numerically simulated, respectively. The results show that, by optimizing pump pulse width, stored energy can reach or even exceed the steady state value of continuous wave (CW) pump. By increasing Yb-doped concentration and core area, stored energy is increased, the ASE is suppressed and the ASE built-up time is postponed. In addition, the experimental results show the validity of the theoretical ASE built-up time. The obtained results can provide important guiding for the optimization of pump pulse width and fiber parameters.
Erbium ytterbium co-doped super-fluorescent fiber source (EYD-SFS) has been simulated by a theoretical model based on rate equations and power transfer equations. The output performances of four basic structures of EYD-SFS have been expressed, and it indicated that the DPF structure is a preferable structure. The dependence of output power, mean wavelength and bandwidth stability on the pump fiber length and the concentration of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ have also been studied. The results indicated with a proper doping concentration of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ of 6.0 × 10 26 ions/m 3 and 1.0 × 10 27 ions/m 3 , the optimal gain fiber length is 3.6 cm. In this condition, good performances of DPF structure of EYD-SFS have been achieved.
The dependence of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) performance on the erbium ion concentration is studied experimentally and theoretically. The quantum efficiency of the amplifier is found to he strongly dependent on the erbium ion concentration, the signal wavelength, and the relative propagation direction of the pump and signal beams. This dependence is fully explained by the presence of an upconversion mechanism between ions residing in pairs or larger clusters and suggests that other sources of amplifier performance degradation (back-ground loss, excited state absorption, homogenous upconversion) are negligible. The experimental data show that in the present EDFA designs with over 80% quantum/conversion efficiency, the aluminum co-doped fibers with erbium ion concentration less than 20/spl times/10/sup 24/ m/sup -3/ (900 molar ppm Er/sup 3+/) are most suitable.
We explore the potential of a combination of two fiber parametric wavelength converters and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier to serve as a hybrid amplifier for S-band. We experimentally confirm the validity of a simple quantum model of the wavelength-converter noise figure (NF) and use it to extrapolate the measurement results and find the optimum hybrid amplifier settings. We find that the total NF can be below 6 dB, if the wavelength conversion efficiency of the first stage is above 4 dB. Furthermore, the total NF can be as low as 4 dB, if the conversion efficiency of the first stage is 10 dB or higher. Finally, we estimate the potential impact of pump relative noise on the NF.
Doped with PbSe nanocrystals of different sizes, a multiquantum-dot-doped fiber amplifier (MQDFA) is proposed. Performance of the MQDFA is simulated by solving light-propagation equations and rate equations for a three-level system, and by applying superposed emission-absorption cross sections of the quantum dots (QDs). Pumped with 980 nm, this proposed MQDFA has characteristics of broader band, flatter gain, and lower noise than those of the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers at present. There is evidence to show that two factors, i.e., the equivalent Stokes shifts and the full wave at half maximum of the superposed spectra, dominate the performances of the MQDFA. Also, the equivalent Stokes shift and the FWHM are tunable by adopting the QDs in different sizes and choosing the doped number available. It is expected that such a MQDFA may be able to cover the all waveband in telecommunications if it is optimized on the doped number, sizes, and doped concentrations of the QDs.