Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Photonics Global Conference

Minimize quantum-defect heating in thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers by tandem-pumping

Junhua Ji, Seongwoo Yoo, Perry Ping Shum, Johan Nilsson

Published Dec 1, 2012• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a simple model to investigate the quantum defect between pump and signal photons in thulium-doped fiber amplifiers. The achievable quantum defects are limited by several factors, i.e., pump and signal wavelengths, fiber length, area ratio between inner cladding and core, and gain and absorption at signal and pump wavelengths, respectively. Through the proposed model, we find that the quantum defect can reach as low as 1%-level. We also find that the smaller area ratio between inner cladding and core, the lower quantum defect can be obtained. The ultimate pumping approach will be core pumping. This can be realized through tandem pumping the thulium-doped fiber by the other fiber source at shorter wavelength with high brightness. Finally, it is necessary to optimize the pump and signal wavelengths and match the fiber length to obtain the lowest quantum defect.

DOI
10.1109/pgc.2012.6457984

Related papers

Ultra-Low Quantum-Defect Heating in Ytterbium-Doped Aluminosilicate Fibers

Tianfu Yao, Junhua Ji, Johan Nilsson

We theoretically investigate the quantum defect between pump and signal photons in ytterbium-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers, and find that this can be as low as 0.6%. We find that the lowest quantum defects can be achieved with a low area ratio between the pump and signal waveguide of a double-clad fiber, and with high-brightness pumping in the core being an ultimate approach. The change in achievable quantum defect is small over a relatively large range of pump wavelengths, but it is still necessary to optimize the wavelengths and match the fiber length to reach the smallest quantum defect.

Journal of Lightwave Technology•Nov 19, 2013•36 citations

Rare-earth doped fiber amplifiers for the first telecommunication window

Balakrishnan Sridhar

A complete experimental and theoretical study of rare earth doped fiber-optic amplifiers for the first tele-communication window has been made. The thulium doped fluoride fiber amplifier is shown to provide amplification in the 800nm-820nm signal region. A complete steady state theoretical model has been presented and the model has been experimentally verified. The model predicts the gain, noise figure and the amplified spontaneous emission in the 800nm, 1470nm, 1900nm and 2300nm bands. The effect of population trapping at the $\\sp3F\\sb4$ energy level of thulium ion is also shown with the help of the model. It has been shown that about 5-15%o of the population is trapped at the $\\sp3F\\sb4$ energy level. We have also shown theoretically, the expected gain and noise performance of Thulium doped fluoride fiber amplifiers pumped in the 680nm absorption band. The maximum gain at 806nm is slightly lower than with comparable 780 nm pumping. The gain bandwidth is however found to increase with 680nm pumping. The higher ASE at shorter wavelengths ($<$806nm) reduces the gain at the peak wavelength (806nm). This is a result of the better inversion with three level pumping at 680nm as compared to two level resonant pumping at 780nm. We report an efficient single mode erbium doped flouride fiber amplifier in the 850nm signal band for the first time. The amplification is through an up-conversion process. The erbium doped flouride fiber amplifier was pumped with an estimated pump power of 35mW at 792nm. We have also considered a theoretical model for a single mode erbium doped fluoride fiber amplifier. Efficient amplification occurs because of the strong excited state absorption at the pump wavelength from the $\\sp4I\\sb{13/2}$ energy level.

Journal of Media Literacy Education•Jan 1, 1995•0 citations

Ground state absorption in thulium-doped fiber amplifier: experiment and modeling

Scott S.-H. Yam, Jaedon Kim

S-band ground state absorption in a thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) has been studied in detail experimentally and theoretically. While traditionally considered difficult to measure, its presence is shown to have significant impact on amplifier power excursion during dynamic wavelength add-drop, due to the energy transitions inherent to the Tm/sup 3+/ ion. For specific pumping scheme and operating conditions, gain increases with increasing signal input, a behavior significantly different from conventional three-level optical amplifiers. Numerical models are presented that correctly account for these phenomena. This promises to provide insight for gain control algorithms for TDFAs under bursty traffic conditions in a future reconfigurable wavelength division multiplexed environment.

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics•Jul 1, 2006•24 citations

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers: theory of upconversion-pumped operation with a signal wavelength of 850 nm

Bernard Calvas, Paul Urquhart

A model is presented for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers that operate by an upconversion process in which two pump photons at ~800 nm are absorbed and can provide an inverted population and hence the ability to amplify signal photons at ~850 nm. The most important spectroscopic features of the amplifier are identified and used to formulate a theory that predicts how the amplifier gain varies with fiber length and doping density, as well as with launched pump and signal powers. The limitation that amplified spontaneous emission imposes on the gain is investigated, and useful approximate formulas are derived in the limit where amplified spontaneous emission is negligible.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 1, 1993•5 citations

Semi Classical Analysis of Thulium Doped Optical Fiber Amplifier

Abdul Kareem H. Dagher

A theoretical model simplified to three levels continuous-wave laser system which is based on density matrix model, describes the interaction process between optical fields and optical fiber materials of amplifiers. Semi-classical model gives a simple approach expression for gain which depends on some fiber parameters such as input power, number of doped atoms per unit volume, fiber length, and core radius.

•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations

Optimization of Pr3+-doped fluoride fiber amplifiers and substantial performance improvement with a pump reflecting mirror

Mala Krishnan, Steven P. Bastien, Harish R. D. Sunak

We report on optimized performance of Pr3+ doped fluoride fiber amplifiers (PDFA) using a comprehensive spatial and spectral computer model. We show the correspondence between results that were experimentally determined and those obtained using our model. Waveguide parameters for these amplifiers have been optimized for low and moderate values of relative refractive index difference. A cut-off wavelength of 750 nm gives maximum gain for NA equals 0.1 and 0.2. Particular emphasis is given to a comparison of the PDFA's performance with and without a Bragg reflecting pump mirror etched at the output end of the fiber. A pump reflecting mirror gives higher gain at smaller amplifier lengths (approximately equals 1/3) in both, the small and large signal regimes. We also report on the quantum conversion efficiencies (QCE) of PDFA. For the same length of fiber and a 0 dBm input signal, PDFA with a pump reflecting mirror has a QCE about twice that of a PDFA without a pump reflecting mirror at its output end.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 23, 1993•0 citations
In this paper, we propose a simple model to investigate the quantum defect between pump and signal photons in thulium-doped fiber amplifiers. The achievable quantum defects are limited by several factors, i.e., pump and signal wavelengths, fiber length, area ratio between inner cladding and core, and gain and absorption at signal and pump wavelengths, respectively. Through the proposed model, we find that the quantum defect can reach as low as 1%-level. We also find that the smaller area ratio between inner cladding and core, the lower quantum defect can be obtained. The ultimate pumping approach will be core pumping. This can be realized through tandem pumping the thulium-doped fiber by the other fiber source at shorter wavelength with high brightness. Finally, it is necessary to optimize the pump and signal wavelengths and match the fiber length to obtain the lowest quantum defect.
We theoretically investigate the quantum defect between pump and signal photons in ytterbium-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers, and find that this can be as low as 0.6%. We find that the lowest quantum defects can be achieved with a low area ratio between the pump and signal waveguide of a double-clad fiber, and with high-brightness pumping in the core being an ultimate approach. The change in achievable quantum defect is small over a relatively large range of pump wavelengths, but it is still necessary to optimize the wavelengths and match the fiber length to reach the smallest quantum defect.
A complete experimental and theoretical study of rare earth doped fiber-optic amplifiers for the first tele-communication window has been made. The thulium doped fluoride fiber amplifier is shown to provide amplification in the 800nm-820nm signal region. A complete steady state theoretical model has been presented and the model has been experimentally verified. The model predicts the gain, noise figure and the amplified spontaneous emission in the 800nm, 1470nm, 1900nm and 2300nm bands. The effect of population trapping at the sp3Fsb4\\sp3F\\sb4sp3Fsb4 energy level of thulium ion is also shown with the help of the model. It has been shown that about 5-15%o of the population is trapped at the sp3Fsb4\\sp3F\\sb4sp3Fsb4 energy level. We have also shown theoretically, the expected gain and noise performance of Thulium doped fluoride fiber amplifiers pumped in the 680nm absorption band. The maximum gain at 806nm is slightly lower than with comparable 780 nm pumping. The gain bandwidth is however found to increase with 680nm pumping. The higher ASE at shorter wavelengths ($<$806nm) reduces the gain at the peak wavelength (806nm). This is a result of the better inversion with three level pumping at 680nm as compared to two level resonant pumping at 780nm. We report an efficient single mode erbium doped flouride fiber amplifier in the 850nm signal band for the first time. The amplification is through an up-conversion process. The erbium doped flouride fiber amplifier was pumped with an estimated pump power of 35mW at 792nm. We have also considered a theoretical model for a single mode erbium doped fluoride fiber amplifier. Efficient amplification occurs because of the strong excited state absorption at the pump wavelength from the sp4Isb13/2\\sp4I\\sb{13/2}sp4Isb13/2 energy level.
S-band ground state absorption in a thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) has been studied in detail experimentally and theoretically. While traditionally considered difficult to measure, its presence is shown to have significant impact on amplifier power excursion during dynamic wavelength add-drop, due to the energy transitions inherent to the Tm/sup 3+/ ion. For specific pumping scheme and operating conditions, gain increases with increasing signal input, a behavior significantly different from conventional three-level optical amplifiers. Numerical models are presented that correctly account for these phenomena. This promises to provide insight for gain control algorithms for TDFAs under bursty traffic conditions in a future reconfigurable wavelength division multiplexed environment.
A model is presented for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers that operate by an upconversion process in which two pump photons at ~800 nm are absorbed and can provide an inverted population and hence the ability to amplify signal photons at ~850 nm. The most important spectroscopic features of the amplifier are identified and used to formulate a theory that predicts how the amplifier gain varies with fiber length and doping density, as well as with launched pump and signal powers. The limitation that amplified spontaneous emission imposes on the gain is investigated, and useful approximate formulas are derived in the limit where amplified spontaneous emission is negligible.
We report on optimized performance of Pr3+ doped fluoride fiber amplifiers (PDFA) using a comprehensive spatial and spectral computer model. We show the correspondence between results that were experimentally determined and those obtained using our model. Waveguide parameters for these amplifiers have been optimized for low and moderate values of relative refractive index difference. A cut-off wavelength of 750 nm gives maximum gain for NA equals 0.1 and 0.2. Particular emphasis is given to a comparison of the PDFA's performance with and without a Bragg reflecting pump mirror etched at the output end of the fiber. A pump reflecting mirror gives higher gain at smaller amplifier lengths (approximately equals 1/3) in both, the small and large signal regimes. We also report on the quantum conversion efficiencies (QCE) of PDFA. For the same length of fiber and a 0 dBm input signal, PDFA with a pump reflecting mirror has a QCE about twice that of a PDFA without a pump reflecting mirror at its output end.