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Physical Review B

Superbunched photons via a strongly pumped near-equispaced multiparticle system

Mihai Macovei, Christoph H. Keitel

Published Jun 21, 2007• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The collective interaction of a multiparticle three-level near-equispaced ladder system with an external applied coherent field, damped via the surrounding electromagnetic field modes, is investigated. The absorption-emission properties of such a medium are shown to be adjustable via external parameters. It is demonstrated that under special conditions the collective resonance fluorescence spectral lines are narrower than the natural bandwidths. Ultranarrow spectral lines are obtained if the laser-atom interaction is mediated by an electromagnetic bath that possesses nonclassical features. Moreover, in these processes an intense flux (intensity proportional to ${N}^{2}$) of superbunched photons with subnatural spectral widths can be generated. Artificial atoms (i.e., quantum wells or quantum dots) are suggested as an appropriate system.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.75.245325

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The collective interaction of a multiparticle three-level near-equispaced ladder system with an external applied coherent field, damped via the surrounding electromagnetic field modes, is investigated. The absorption-emission properties of such a medium are shown to be adjustable via external parameters. It is demonstrated that under special conditions the collective resonance fluorescence spectral lines are narrower than the natural bandwidths. Ultranarrow spectral lines are obtained if the laser-atom interaction is mediated by an electromagnetic bath that possesses nonclassical features. Moreover, in these processes an intense flux (intensity proportional to N2{N}^{2}N2) of superbunched photons with subnatural spectral widths can be generated. Artificial atoms (i.e., quantum wells or quantum dots) are suggested as an appropriate system.
A rich variety of quantum features can be found in a collection of atoms driven only by an incoherent bath. To demonstrate this, we discuss a sample of three-level atoms in ladder configuration interacting via the surrounding bath, and show that the fluorescence light emitted by this system exhibits nonclassical properties. Realizations could be thermal baths for microwave transitions, or incoherent broadband fields for optical transitions. In a small sample of atoms, the emitted light can be switched from sub- to super-Poissonian and from antibunching to superbunching controlled by the mean number of atoms in the sample. Larger samples allow us to generate superbunched light over a wide range of bath parameters and thus fluorescence light intensities. We also identify parameter ranges where the fields emitted on the two transitions are strongly correlated or anticorrelated, such that the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is violated. As in a moderately strong bath this violation occurs also for larger numbers of atoms, such samples exhibit macroscopic quantum effects.
Multiphoton emitters are a sought-after resource in quantum photonics. Nonlinear interactions between a multilevel atomic system and a coherent drive can lead to resonant two-photon emission, but harvesting light from this process has remained a challenge due to the small oscillator strengths involved. Here we present a study of two-photon resonance fluorescence at microwave frequencies, using a superconducting, ladder-type artificial atom, a transmon, strongly coupled to a waveguide. We drive the two-photon transition between the ground and second-excited states at increasingly high powers and observe a resonance fluorescence peak whose intensity becomes comparable to single-photon emission until it splits into a Mollow-like triplet. We measure photon correlations of frequency-filtered spectral lines and find that while emission at the fundamental frequency stays antibunched, the resonance fluorescence peak at the two-photon transition is superbunched. Our results provide a route towards the realization of multiphoton sources in the microwave domain.
Quantum optics provides a fundamental framework for understanding the interaction between light and matter at the quantum level. Recently, it has been shown that under incoherent pumping, the resonance fluorescence spectrum dramatically changes. Engineering the resonance fluorescence spectrum paves the way towards solid-state-based single-photon sources. In this paper, we start by reviewing and reproducing some of the results concerning the resonance fluorescence spectrum, single-photon sources, dressed-state lasers, and luminescence spectrum of a quantum dot in a microcavity. Photon correlations in quantum optical systems and spectral properties of radiation emitted by atomic and semiconductor systems interacting with external fields are investigated. The well known Mollow triplet structure of the emission spectrum is discussed, together with the role of dressed states in explaining the origin of the three spectral peaks. Furthermore, the luminescence spectra of quantum emitters coupled to microcavities are reviewed. The numerical results presented here contribute to the theoretical understanding of resonance fluorescence, photon correlations, and engineered emission in quantum optical systems. These studies highlight the rich physical properties arising from light matter interaction at the quantum level and demonstrate their relevance for emerging quantum technologies.
This paper investigates the effects of spontaneously induced coherence on absorption properties in a nearly equispaced three-level ladder-type system driven by two coherent fields. It find that the absorption properties of this system with the probe field applied on the lower transition can be significantly modified if this coherence is optimized. In the case of small spontaneous decay rate in the upper excited state, it finds that such coherence does not destroy the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Nevertheless, the absorption peak on both sides of zero detuning and the linewidth of absorption line become larger and narrower than those in the case corresponding to the effects of spontaneously induced coherence; while in the case of large decay rate, it finds that, instead of EIT with low resonant absorption, a sharp absorption peak at resonance appears. That is, electromagnetically induced absorption in the nearly equispaced ladder-type system can occur due to such coherent effects.
We investigate the effect of decay-induced interference on photon correlation in a nearly equispaced three-level driven ladder atom. It is found that the combination of destructive interference and two-photon resonance are responsible for the occurrence of nonclassical correlations. In addition, the bunching or antibunching behavior of the two emission processes can be controlled by the relative phase of the two applied fields attributed to the phase control spontaneous emission enhancement or cancellation.
We consider the possible physical processes that may arise in a three-level atom when only two of its levels interact with a strong electromagnetic field and when the atomic transition frequency is nearly equal to once and twice the frequency of the laser field, respectively. There have been found pronounced cooperative effects in the spectrum of the two-level system, which is in resonance with the laser field, arising from the presence of the third level. The excitation spectra describing the transitions from the first excited state into the second excited state and from that to the ground state consist, apart from the two central peaks, of two pairs of sidebands which are induced by the laser field of the neighbouring system. Detailed expressions of the spectral functions for the physical processes of one- and two-photon resonance fluorescence have been derived and discussed in the limit of high photon densities. The excitation spectrum of the low frequency modes has been considered and discussed in detail. It is found that quantum beats in spontaneous emission may appear in the spectra of the one- and two-photon resonance fluorescence arising from the interference between the two atomic transition frequencies and the frequency of the laser field. The importance of the low frequency modes that occur in the processes in question has been pointed out.