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Physical Review A

Experimental observation of a coherently induced transparency on a blue probe in a Doppler-broadened mismatched V-type system

J. R. Boon, Evangelini Zekou, David J. Fulton, Malcolm H. Dunn

Published Feb 1, 1998• 61 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental observation of transparency on a transition in the blue spectral region, induced by a continuous-wave (cw) infrared coupling field in a Doppler-broadened medium, is presented. This experimental result is supported by extensive theoretical modeling of the system, a V-type scheme in atomic rubidium vapor. Transparency is observed by a 422-nm probe field on the transition between the hyperfine split ground state ${5S}_{1/2}$ and the excited state ${6P}_{1/2}.$ The coupling laser is employed on the linked transition ${5S}_{1/2}{\ensuremath{-}5P}_{3/2},$ inducing significant levels of transparency $(>70%)$ nondissipatively and in the absence of optical pumping effects.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.1323

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Wavelength dependence of coherently induced transparency in a Doppler-broadened cascade medium

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The effect of changing the coupling laser transition, and hence the wavelength, on the coherently induced transparency seen by a probe beam in a Doppler-broadened cascade electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) configuration is studied experimentally and theoretically. The transparency of the vapor is shown to be an effect not just of EIT, but of the varying Autler-Townes splitting for each velocity group within the vapor. Consequently, the best overall transparency for Rabi splittings less than the Doppler width is not at the position of matched coupling and probe wavelengths, but for coupling wavelengths less than that of the probe. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review A•Dec 1, 1996•81 citations
An experimental observation of transparency on a transition in the blue spectral region, induced by a continuous-wave (cw) infrared coupling field in a Doppler-broadened medium, is presented. This experimental result is supported by extensive theoretical modeling of the system, a V-type scheme in atomic rubidium vapor. Transparency is observed by a 422-nm probe field on the transition between the hyperfine split ground state 5S1/2{5S}_{1/2}5S1/2​ and the excited state 6P1/2.{6P}_{1/2}.6P1/2​. The coupling laser is employed on the linked transition 5S1/2\ensuremath−5P3/2,{5S}_{1/2}{\ensuremath{-}5P}_{3/2},5S1/2​\ensuremath−5P3/2​, inducing significant levels of transparency (>70(>70%)(>70 nondissipatively and in the absence of optical pumping effects.
Recently it was predicted, and shown experimentally, that a cw coherently induced transparency feature could be observed in a Doppler-broadened cascade medium even when the probe and coupling fields had a wavelength mismatch of several hundred nanometers.1 This observation is significant since it removes the requirement for finding wavelength-matched systems to carry out cw atomic coherence experiments within an inhomogeneously broadened medium.2,3 The explanation of this transparency lies with the fact that both E.I.T. and Autler-Townes splitting4 are velocity group dependent. Each velocity group experiences its own Doppler-shift and hence detuning from the probe and coupling field transitions. Therefore, there exists a variation in the frequency position of maximum E.I.T. and of the Autler-Townes split components for each velocity groups. It is the integration of both of these effects over all of the velocity groups that produces the overall probe absorption.
Inversionless gain is predicted in a Doppler-broadened VVV scheme for which the probe laser frequency is approximately twice that of the coupling laser. A comparison is made of inversionless gain achieved via electromagnetically induced transparency in Doppler-broadened matched and mismatched wavelength systems. We show that the presence of Doppler broadening does not preclude inversionless lasing for mismatched wavelengths; importantly, this is shown to hold even for Rabi splittings significantly less than the Doppler width. Our analysis demonstrates that inversionless gain is realizable in Doppler-broadened media, at modest continuous wave laser powers, for a probe frequency well in excess of the coupling field frequency. The presented theory is related to a practical mismatched system in atomic rubidium vapor. Approximately 8% gain is predicted in a 422 nm probe field coherently driven by a 780 nm coupling field, in the presence of a modest level of incoherent excitation.
A theoretical and experimental investigation has been carried out into the viability of V-type, \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type, and cascade systems within rubidium for the observation of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT). A \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system is also discussed where EIT is induced on a two-photon transition. Continuous-wave single-frequency titanium sapphire lasers have been employed to provide the applied optical fields. It is found that systems that have a strong coupling field resonant with the 5S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ ground state suffer from complicating optical pumping mechanisms that tend to mask EIT windows. It is also found that wavelength matching of the applied optical fields enhances the observation of EIT since this results in a reduced residual Doppler linewidth of the atomic system.
An electromagnetically induced transparency is observed at one arm of a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system in a rubidium D1 line (794.8 nm) with an 85% reduction in absorption, when a pumping field is present at the other arm. This reduction in absorption for the weak probe field is due to the atomic coherence produced by the strong pumping field. This experiment is done in a Rb vapor cell at room temperature with cw diode lasers for both pumping and probe beams in a Doppler-free configuration. A simple theoretical treatment including Doppler broadening is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurement.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was observed in a mismatched-wavelength cascade system using a room temperature vapor cell and laser-cooled atoms. A cw probe laser beam monitored the cesium ${6S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6P}_{3/2}$ transition while another cw laser coupled the 6P3/2{6P}_{3/2}6P3/2​ state to a higher excited state. The ratio of the observed Rabi frequencies for coupling to the ${6P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(11--{13)D}_{3/2,5/2}$ transitions agreed closely with that predicted using the transition oscillator strengths. A comparison of the EIT signals obtained using cold atoms and the vapor cell is made.
The effect of changing the coupling laser transition, and hence the wavelength, on the coherently induced transparency seen by a probe beam in a Doppler-broadened cascade electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) configuration is studied experimentally and theoretically. The transparency of the vapor is shown to be an effect not just of EIT, but of the varying Autler-Townes splitting for each velocity group within the vapor. Consequently, the best overall transparency for Rabi splittings less than the Doppler width is not at the position of matched coupling and probe wavelengths, but for coupling wavelengths less than that of the probe. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.