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Chinese Physics Letters

Forward Phase Conjugation Wave due to Multi-wave Coupling and Grating Share in Lithium Niobate Crystal

Qiao Hai-Jun, Jingjun Xu, Zhang Xin-Zheng, Feifei Li, Qian Sun, Qiang Wu, Zhang Guang-Yin

Published Nov 23, 2001• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The steady intensity of a forward phase conjugate wave (FPCW) is successfully observed along the c-axis in the highly magnesium-doped lithium niobate crystal. We put forward a detailed physical picture for our experiment phenomena. The FPCW is generated from the phase-mismatch in a three-wave coupling process, and tends to be stable accompanied with the building of photorefractive gratings and four-wave coupling processes. Our experimental result is also discussed and analysed by means of the wave coupling theory, and the theoretical expression is provided for the experiment.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/18/12/318

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A typical method of generating phase conjugate light using photorefractive crystals is four-wave mixing. It is known that the phase conjugate reflectivity is multivalued in a steady state. In this paper, a time domain response analysis of four-wave mixing is carried out and the method for controlling the bistability of the phase conjugate reflectivity is described. First, a steady-state analysis of the four-wave mixing is carried out and the condition is derived for bistability of the phase conjugate reflectivity. Next, by using two different initial conditions, the time response analysis is carried out for the four-wave mixing. Under one of the conditions, no forward pump beam is incident before and after observation of the bistability for measurement of phase conjugate reflectivity. Under another condition, the forward pump is incident before observation of the bistability. The phase conjugate reflectivity is measured after this pump is cut off when a steady state is reached. For each case, the numerical calculations are carried out. It is shown for the first time that the bistability of the phase conjugate reflectivity can be controlled by the initial condition. Further, the temporal and spatial variations of the diffraction grating generated in the crystal are studied and the process of the phase conjugate reflectivity to exhibit bistability is clarified. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 81(2): 1–8, 1998

Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II Electronics)•Feb 1, 1998•0 citations
The steady intensity of a forward phase conjugate wave (FPCW) is successfully observed along the c-axis in the highly magnesium-doped lithium niobate crystal. We put forward a detailed physical picture for our experiment phenomena. The FPCW is generated from the phase-mismatch in a three-wave coupling process, and tends to be stable accompanied with the building of photorefractive gratings and four-wave coupling processes. Our experimental result is also discussed and analysed by means of the wave coupling theory, and the theoretical expression is provided for the experiment.
This paper demonstrates dual-frequency phase conjugation waves via the high-order nonlinear effect by nondegenerate six-wave mixing in iron-doped lithium niobate. In the experiment, two conjugation waves of different frequency are generated. Conjugation wave 1 is similar to nondegenerate four-wave mixing; conjugation wave 2 is completely different. The experiments measure the relationships between two conjugation wave intensities and parameters, respectively, and compare the differences of the two conjugation waves. To explain the experimental results, we assume that there is a fifth-order nonlinear interaction in crystal, and we believe the two conjugation waves are generated via different level nonlinear interactions. The theory agrees with the experimental results.
DFWM as an useful tool to generate phase conjugate waves has recently been the subject of intensive study. In particular photorefractive crystals such as LiNbO3, KNbO3, BaTiO3 and SBN are widely used[1]. Among the published papers on DFWM most are concerned with backward phase conjugate waves and only a few with forward phase conjugate, waves.[2,3] In both of these papers the intensity of the forward phase conjugate wave has not been investigated. We report here a systematic study of the intensity of forward phase conjugate wave.
Here we present four wave mixing configuration as one of the most important methods of generation and explanation of process of generation phase conjugation light the coupled equation was solved by three methods: undepleted pump approximation exact solution and two wave mixing approximation. Although exact solutions can be derived for four-wave mixing, the results are difficult to use because of the complicated transcendental equation involved. Solved the coupled equations and introduce an approximation in which two-wave mixing is the dominant process.
A typical method of generating phase conjugate light using photorefractive crystals is four-wave mixing. It is known that the phase conjugate reflectivity is multivalued in a steady state. In this paper, a time domain response analysis of four-wave mixing is carried out and the method for controlling the bistability of the phase conjugate reflectivity is described. First, a steady-state analysis of the four-wave mixing is carried out and the condition is derived for bistability of the phase conjugate reflectivity. Next, by using two different initial conditions, the time response analysis is carried out for the four-wave mixing. Under one of the conditions, no forward pump beam is incident before and after observation of the bistability for measurement of phase conjugate reflectivity. Under another condition, the forward pump is incident before observation of the bistability. The phase conjugate reflectivity is measured after this pump is cut off when a steady state is reached. For each case, the numerical calculations are carried out. It is shown for the first time that the bistability of the phase conjugate reflectivity can be controlled by the initial condition. Further, the temporal and spatial variations of the diffraction grating generated in the crystal are studied and the process of the phase conjugate reflectivity to exhibit bistability is clarified. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 81(2): 1–8, 1998