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Physical Review A

Electromagnetically induced transparency with spectator momenta

Hui Xia, Andrew J. Merriam, Scott J. Sharpe, G. Y. Yin, Stephen E. Harris

Published May 1, 1999• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a method and present experimental results for obtaining electromagnetically induced transparency by adjusting the frequencies of two lasers so that they coincide with the centers of gravity of two hyperfine split transitions. No hyperfine states are in Raman resonance and the zero of the dipole moment results from the interference of the manifold of cooperating m states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.59.r3190

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We describe a method and present experimental results for obtaining electromagnetically induced transparency by adjusting the frequencies of two lasers so that they coincide with the centers of gravity of two hyperfine split transitions. No hyperfine states are in Raman resonance and the zero of the dipole moment results from the interference of the manifold of cooperating m states.
Summary form only given.The prototype situation for both coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) occurs in an ideal three-state atom. We show that, to obtain transparency and near unity refractive index, instead of tuning the lasers to a Ramanlike subset of the split transitions, one should tune the lasers to the centers of gravity of the splittings that are caused by the spectator momentum. We also report the first demonstration of EIT with pulsed lasers in an optically thick sample of atoms which exhibit hyperfine structure using this approach. We obtain the real and imaginary parts of the dipole moment for the multistate system by weak probe perturbation theory and numerical simulations.
We report electromagnetically induced transparency for the D1 and D2 lines in 6^{6}6Li in both a vapour cell and an atomic beam. Electromagnetically induced transparency is created using co-propagating mutually coherent laser beams with a frequency difference equal to the hyperfine ground state splitting of 228.2 MHz. The effects of various optical polarization configurations and applied magnetic fields are investigated. In addition, we apply an optical Ramsey spectroscopy technique which further reduces the observed resonance width.
A system is designed to observe the phenomena of electromagnetically induced transparency and optical pumping in cesium D 1 and D 2 lines at room temperature. When a pump laser is frequency-locked on the top of a hyperfine transition and the frequency of the probe laser scans over another hyperfine transition, a spectrum of V-type electromagnetically induced transparency or an optical pumping can be observed depending on whether the two lasers share a common ground state. Therefore, these results can be used to identify the unknown hyperfine transitions of the D 1 line transitions. For educational purposes, this system is helpful for understanding the electromagnetically induced transparency and the optical pumping.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a well-known phenomenon due in part to its applicability to quantum devices such as quantum memories and quantum gates. EIT is commonly modeled with a three-level lambda system; however, this simplified model does not capture all the physics of EIT experiments with real systems. We present a theoretical study of the effect of two closely-spaced excited states on EIT and off-resonance Raman transitions. In addition to the expected broadening of the EIT resonance and reduction in EIT transparency due to multiple excited states, we find some unexpected and interesting results. A comparison with a model that does not allow for coupling of the excited states shows that the coherent interaction of the fields with two excited states whose separation is smaller than their Doppler broadened linewidth can enhance the EIT transparency under some conditions and can enhance and shift the resonance frequency of off-resonance Raman absorption. Furthermore, through a dressed state analysis of the full four-level system, we find that the underlying mechanism for the reduction in EIT transparency is a shift in the two-photon resonance due to unequal dipole moments of the transitions coupled by the control field. Complete transparency can only be recovered for systems with equal dipole moments or when the separation between the two excited states is at least of the order of the Doppler width. To support our theoretical study, we present experimental EIT measurements in the D1 lines of 85Rb and 87Rb that agree with our predictions of an enhancement or reduction of EIT transparency under specific conditions. The experimental results also verify the roles that the dipole moments and the separation between the two excited states have on recovering the EIT transparency.