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Physical Review A

Electromagnetically induced transparency in atoms with hyperfine structure

Hui Xia, Scott J. Sharpe, Andrew J. Merriam, Stephen E. Harris

Published Nov 1, 1997• 57 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a method for obtaining population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency in atoms with hyperfine structure and where, therefore, more than three states are coupled by two applied fields.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.56.r3362

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We have studied the absorption spectrum of a Doppler-broadened ladder system, where the highest level is coupled into two middle hyperfine sublevels by a strong coherent field. We find that, when the system is considered as homogeneous, either two or three spectral components are observed, depending on the detuning of the coherent field. But when the velocity distribution of atoms is considered, we can always observe one electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window with high dispersion. So the atomic hyperfine structure cannot be an impediment for obtaining EIT.
We have studied the absorption spectrum of a Doppler-broadened ladder system,where the highest level is coupled into two middle hyperfine sublevels by a strong coherent field.We find that,when the system is considered as homogeneous,either two or three spectral components are observed,depending on the detuning of the coherent field.but when the velocity distribution of atoms is considered,we can always observe one electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window with high dispersion.So the atomic hyperfine structure cannot be an impediment for obtaining EIT.
Summary form only given.The prototype situation for both coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) occurs in an ideal three-state atom. We show that, to obtain transparency and near unity refractive index, instead of tuning the lasers to a Ramanlike subset of the split transitions, one should tune the lasers to the centers of gravity of the splittings that are caused by the spectator momentum. We also report the first demonstration of EIT with pulsed lasers in an optically thick sample of atoms which exhibit hyperfine structure using this approach. We obtain the real and imaginary parts of the dipole moment for the multistate system by weak probe perturbation theory and numerical simulations.