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Applied Optics

Gain enhancement in multiple-pump-line Brillouin-based slow light systems by using fiber segments and filter stages

Ronny Henker, Andrzej Wiatrek, Stefan Preußler, Max James Ammann, Andreas Thomas Schwarzbacher, Thomas Schneider

Published Oct 6, 2009• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a delay line configuration to increase the time delay performance of multiple-pump-line Brillouin-based slow light systems. It consists of several short fibers interconnected by filters to block degrading spectral components. Three different delay line configurations are investigated experimentally with an optimized Brillouin spectrum composed of a superposition of a gain with two losses. An increase of the maximum time delay by 12% is reported, which is limited by the insufficient filter slew rates. We believe that the enhancement could be much higher by using filters with an improved slew rate performance.

DOI
10.1364/ao.48.005583

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We propose a delay line configuration to increase the time delay performance of multiple-pump-line Brillouin-based slow light systems. It consists of several short fibers interconnected by filters to block degrading spectral components. Three different delay line configurations are investigated experimentally with an optimized Brillouin spectrum composed of a superposition of a gain with two losses. An increase of the maximum time delay by 12% is reported, which is limited by the insufficient filter slew rates. We believe that the enhancement could be much higher by using filters with an improved slew rate performance.
We present a method to achieve flat-top gain spectrum through overlapping multiple gain lines, which can be used to increase slow light bandwidth and relative pulse delay. A tunable gain bandwidth can be realized by changing the number of spectral lines and frequency separation between adjacent spectral lines. We demonstrate the method in a SBS-based slow light system. A phase modulator is used to modulate the phase of the pump wave, generating a pump wave with multi-line spectrum and achieving a Brillouin gain bandwidth of ~ 330 MHz.
We compare two simple mechanisms for the enhancement of the time delay in slow light systems. Both are based on the superposition of the Brillouin gain with additional loss. As we will show in theory and experiment if two losses are placed at the wings of a SBS gain, contrary to other methods, the loss power increases the time delay. This leads to higher delay times at lower optical powers and to an increase of the zero gain delay of more than 50%. With this method we achieved a time delay of more than 120ns for pulses with a temporal width of 30ns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest time delay in just one fiber spool. Beside the enhancement of the time delay the method could have the potential to decrease the pulse distortions for high bit rate signals.
We discuss the maximum achievable time delay of stimulated-Brillouin-scattering-based systems that rely on the superposition of gain and loss spectra. As we will show, the time delay can be enhanced up to 8.5 times if the gain is superimposed with a broad loss and 9.5 times if two narrow losses are superimposed at the wings of the gain. Furthermore, we show that the parametric interaction between the different pump waves is negligibly small. Our theoretical analysis does not include pulse distortions that are accompanied by the delay.
We describe a methodology for designing the optimal gain profiles for gain-based, tunable, broadband, slow-light pulse delay devices based on stimulated Brillouin scattering. Optimal gain profiles are obtained under system constraints such as distortion, total pump power, and maximum gain. The delay performance of three candidate systems: Gaussian noise pump broadened (GNPB), optimal gain-only, and optimal gain+absorption are studied using Gaussian and super-Gaussian pulses. For the same pulse bandwidth, we find that the optimal gain+absorption medium improves the delay performance by 2.1 times the GNPB medium delay and 1.3 times the optimal gain-only medium delay for Gaussian pulses. For the super-Gaussian pulses the optimal gain-only medium provides a fractional pulse delay 1.8 times the GNPB medium delay.