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Optics Express

Optimal pump profile designs for broadband SBS slow-light systems

Ravi Pant, Michael D. Stenner, Mark Allen Neifeld, Daniel J. Gauthier

Published Jan 1, 2008• 79 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a methodology for designing the optimal gain profiles for gain-based, tunable, broadband, slow-light pulse delay devices based on stimulated Brillouin scattering. Optimal gain profiles are obtained under system constraints such as distortion, total pump power, and maximum gain. The delay performance of three candidate systems: Gaussian noise pump broadened (GNPB), optimal gain-only, and optimal gain+absorption are studied using Gaussian and super-Gaussian pulses. For the same pulse bandwidth, we find that the optimal gain+absorption medium improves the delay performance by 2.1 times the GNPB medium delay and 1.3 times the optimal gain-only medium delay for Gaussian pulses. For the super-Gaussian pulses the optimal gain-only medium provides a fractional pulse delay 1.8 times the GNPB medium delay.

DOI
10.1364/oe.16.002764

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2009•4 citations
We describe a methodology for designing the optimal gain profiles for gain-based, tunable, broadband, slow-light pulse delay devices based on stimulated Brillouin scattering. Optimal gain profiles are obtained under system constraints such as distortion, total pump power, and maximum gain. The delay performance of three candidate systems: Gaussian noise pump broadened (GNPB), optimal gain-only, and optimal gain+absorption are studied using Gaussian and super-Gaussian pulses. For the same pulse bandwidth, we find that the optimal gain+absorption medium improves the delay performance by 2.1 times the GNPB medium delay and 1.3 times the optimal gain-only medium delay for Gaussian pulses. For the super-Gaussian pulses the optimal gain-only medium provides a fractional pulse delay 1.8 times the GNPB medium delay.
We present the methodology for designing the optimal gain profiles for slow-light systems under the given system constraints. Optimal system designs for the multiple Lorentzian gain lines make the gain spectrum uniform over larger bandwidth compared to the single-line gain system. The design procedure for the multiple-line gain systems is modified to make the gain spectrum uniform over arbitrarily broad bandwidth and applied to the design of the gain-only and gain+absorption slow-light media. The optimization of the triple-line gain system improves the delay-bandwidth product 1.7 times the delay-bandwidth product for the single-line gain system. For the broadband slow-light system, the optimal gain + absorption design and the optimal gain-only design improve the fractional delay performance by factors of 1.8 and 1.4, respectively, compared to the Gaussian noise pump broadened (GNPB) system.
We describe a theoretical analysis of broadband stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) slow light delay in a single-mode optical fiber. A flat-top broadband SBS gain spectrum can be constructed by use of two broadband pump beams. We propose two schemes of the double broadband pumping. We show that, for each scheme, the spectral profile of the total SBS gain becomes wide and symmetric when the appropriate architecture of the two broadband pump beams is adopted accordingly. Our schemes can effectively reduce or even eliminate the broadening of signal pulse. It provides the use of shorter signal pulses for slow light control.
We show a simple method to reduce the distortions in SBS based slow light systems. The distortion reduction is simply based on a broadening and adaptation of the gain bandwidth. However, a broadened gain reduces the achievable fractional delay which cannot be compensated by higher pump powers. Here we will show that this compensation can be done by additional loss spectra. With the presented method low distortions for high fractional pulse delays are possible. We show the theory and experimental verifications of our method. For Gaussian pulses with a fractional delay of 1 Bit we achieved a distortion reduction of around 23%.
A new method of tailoring stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) gain spectrum for slow light propagation is proposed by use of two Gaussian-shaped broadband pump beams with different powers and spectral widths. The central frequency interval between the two pump beams are carefully set to be two inherent Brillouin frequency shift, ensuring that the gain spectrum of one pump has the same central frequency with the loss spectrum of the other one. Different gain profiles are obtained and analyzed. Among them a special gain profile is found that ensures a zero-broadening of the signal pulse independent of the Brillouin gain. This is owing to the compensation between the positive gain-dependent broadening and the negative GVD (group velocity dispersion) dependent broadening. The relationship of two pump beams is also found for constructing such a gain profile. It provides us a new idea of managing the broadening of SBS-based slow pulse by artificially constructing and optimizing the profile of gain spectrum.
We use an information-theoretic method developed by Neifeld and Lee [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, C31 (2008)] to analyze the performance of a slow-light system. Slow-light is realized in this system via stimulated Brillouin scattering in a 2 km-long, room-temperature, highly nonlinear fiber pumped by a laser whose spectrum is tailored and broadened to 5 GHz. We compute the information throughput (IT), which quantifies the fraction of information transferred from the source to the receiver and the information delay (ID), which quantifies the delay of a data stream at which the information transfer is largest, for a range of experimental parameters. We also measure the eye-opening (EO) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmitted data stream and find that they scale in a similar fashion to the information-theoretic method. Our experimental findings are compared to a model of the slow-light system that accounts for all pertinent noise sources in the system as well as data-pulse distortion due to the filtering effect of the SBS process. The agreement between our observations and the predictions of our model is very good. Furthermore, we compare measurements of the IT for an optimal flattop gain profile and for a Gaussian-shaped gain profile. For a given pump-beam power, we find that the optimal profile gives a 36% larger ID and somewhat higher IT compared to the Gaussian profile. Specifically, the optimal (Gaussian) profile produces a fractional slow-light ID of 0.94 (0.69) and an IT of 0.86 (0.86) at a pump-beam power of 450 mW and a data rate of 2.5 Gbps. Thus, the optimal profile better utilizes the available pump-beam power, which is often a valuable resource in a system design.
We analyse the stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） slow light using double broadband pumps in a single mode fiber. A new SBS gain spectrum tailoring method is proposed using two Gaussian-shaped broadband pumps with different powers and spectral widths, and the central frequency interval of them is carefully set at two Brillouin frequency shifts to make sure that the gain of one pump has the same center with the loss of the other. The top of the gain spectrum of the strong pump beam can be counteracted by the loss spectrum of the weak pump beam to construct a flat top gain spectrum. We give the optimized conditions of the laser powers and spectral widths between two broadband pumps to obtain a flat gain. Distortions of signal pulse under this flat top gain are studied and compared with that obtained using a single broadband pump. We find that the flat top gain profile can effectively reduce the pulse distortions.