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Optics Express

Slow light in multi-line Brillouin gain spectrum

Zhiwei Lü, Yongkang Dong, Qiang Li

Published Feb 19, 2007• 66 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a method to achieve flat-top gain spectrum through overlapping multiple gain lines, which can be used to increase slow light bandwidth and relative pulse delay. A tunable gain bandwidth can be realized by changing the number of spectral lines and frequency separation between adjacent spectral lines. We demonstrate the method in a SBS-based slow light system. A phase modulator is used to modulate the phase of the pump wave, generating a pump wave with multi-line spectrum and achieving a Brillouin gain bandwidth of ~ 330 MHz.

DOI
10.1364/oe.15.001871

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We present a method to achieve flat-top gain spectrum through overlapping multiple gain lines, which can be used to increase slow light bandwidth and relative pulse delay. A tunable gain bandwidth can be realized by changing the number of spectral lines and frequency separation between adjacent spectral lines. We demonstrate the method in a SBS-based slow light system. A phase modulator is used to modulate the phase of the pump wave, generating a pump wave with multi-line spectrum and achieving a Brillouin gain bandwidth of ~ 330 MHz.
It is an effective approach to use pump with multi-line spectrum to broaden the bandwidth of slow light based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). A novel method of generating multi-line spectrum is proposed and simulated, through which arbitrary numbers of spectral lines with arbitrary intervals can be obtained. The amplitude of each line is able to be tuned independently. These two merits enable to construct the shape of the gain spectrum of SBS as expected. The maximum broadened bandwidth of the pump is only limited by the bandwidth of related hardwares.
We theoretically analyze and experimentally demonstrate broadband Brillouin slow light using multiple equal-amplitude spectral lines generated by multifrequency phase modulation. The theoretical analysis shows that 4n−1 equal-amplitude spectral lines can be obtained if the modulation signal comprises the fundamental frequency and the odd harmonic waves, where n denotes the number of frequency components in the modulation signal. In experiment, 7 and 11 equal-amplitude spectral lines are obtained and Brillouin bandwidths of 340 and 570 MHz are gained, respectively. The experimental results also indicate that the slope of the broadening factor for the delayed signal decreases in the case of broad and flattened Brillouin gain spectrum.
In this paper, we investigate slow light via stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a room temperature optical fiber that is pumped by a spectrally broadened laser. Broadening the spectrum of the pump field increases the linewidth Deltaomegapof the Stokes amplifying resonance, thereby increasing the slow-light bandwidth. One physical bandwidth limitation occurs when the linewidth becomes several times larger than the Brillouin frequency shift OmegaBso that the anti-Stokes absorbing resonance substantially cancels out the Stokes amplifying resonance and, hence, the slow-light effect. We find that partial overlap of the Stokes and anti-Stokes resonances can actually lead to an enhancement of the slow-light delay-bandwidth product when Deltaomegapsime1.3OmegaB. Using this general approach, we increase the Brillouin slow-light bandwidth to over 12 GHz from its nominal linewidth of ~30 MHz obtained for monochromatic pumping. We controllably delay 75-ps-long pulses by up to 47 ps and study the data-pattern dependence of the broadband SBS slow-light system
We analyse the stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） slow light using double broadband pumps in a single mode fiber. A new SBS gain spectrum tailoring method is proposed using two Gaussian-shaped broadband pumps with different powers and spectral widths, and the central frequency interval of them is carefully set at two Brillouin frequency shifts to make sure that the gain of one pump has the same center with the loss of the other. The top of the gain spectrum of the strong pump beam can be counteracted by the loss spectrum of the weak pump beam to construct a flat top gain spectrum. We give the optimized conditions of the laser powers and spectral widths between two broadband pumps to obtain a flat gain. Distortions of signal pulse under this flat top gain are studied and compared with that obtained using a single broadband pump. We find that the flat top gain profile can effectively reduce the pulse distortions.
We describe a theoretical analysis of broadband stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) slow light delay in a single-mode optical fiber. A flat-top broadband SBS gain spectrum can be constructed by use of two broadband pump beams. We propose two schemes of the double broadband pumping. We show that, for each scheme, the spectral profile of the total SBS gain becomes wide and symmetric when the appropriate architecture of the two broadband pump beams is adopted accordingly. Our schemes can effectively reduce or even eliminate the broadening of signal pulse. It provides the use of shorter signal pulses for slow light control.
To change the group velocity of optical signals has a lot of possible applications in telecommunications, sensing, nonlinear optics and so on. Especially the exploitation of the effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers is of special interest since it just requires standard telecom equipment and low to moderate optical power. However, each delay in one single, low-gain SBS based slow-light system is accompanied by pulse broadening. This is a result of the inherent Kramers-Kronig relations between the gain, the phase-change and the accompanied group velocity. For an ideal flat gain the phase-change is non-ideal, and for an ideal phase-change the gain curve leads to a broadening. Furthermore, if the gain bandwidth is broadened in order to adapt it to the signal, the delay will be reduced. Thus, for one single low-gain slow-light system the broadening can be reduced by several methods but it cannot be zero. Here we will show how a zero-broadening SBS based slow-light system can be achieved by two different methods. The basic idea is a reshaping of the original pulse by an adapted gain in a second stage. This adaptation is achieved by the superposition of two Gaussian gain profiles or by a single saturated gain. As will be shown, these systems show an almost ideal over-all gain and phase function over the bandwidth of the pulses. Thus, SBS based slow-light with a delaybandwidth product of more than 1 bit and zero distortion is possible.