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Physical Review A

Observation of electromagnetically induced absorption in open systems regardless of angular momentum

Soo-Kyoung Kim, Han Seb Moon, Kyoung-Dae Kim, Jung Bog Kim

Published Dec 15, 2003• 62 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report experimental results on electromagnetically induced absorption spectra observed in the system which does not satisfy completely the conditions given by Lezama [Phys. Rev. A 59, 4732 (1999)]. We were able to observe electromagnetically induced absorption signals on all transitions in the Rb ${D}_{1}$ line, where ${F}_{g}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}_{e}{=F}_{g}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ or ${F}_{g}$ as well as open systems. These signals were only observed in certain Rabi frequency ranges for the coupling field. Present theoretical models, which are good for the case ${F}_{g}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}_{e}{=F}_{g}+1,$ considering spontaneous transfer of atomic coherences or populations have not been able to explain our experimental results obtained in both cases ${F}_{g}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}_{e}{=F}_{g}\ensuremath{-}1$ and ${F}_{e}{=F}_{g}.$

DOI
10.1103/physreva.68.063813

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This paper reports the experimental results on electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) spectra observed in the system which does not satisfy completely the conditions given by Lezama et al [1999 Phys. Rev. A 59 4732]. EIA signals on the transitions in the Cs D 2 line are able to be observed, where F g ↔ F e = F g — 1 as open systems. Theoretical model of Lezama et al is good for the case F g ↔ F e = F g + 1, considering spontaneous transfer of atomic coherences or populations this model is not able to explain our experimental results obtained in the case F g ↔ F e = F g — 1. This paper offers a theoretical model which is able to well explain the case F g ↔ F e = F g — 1. It also uses this theoretical model to explain the split and shift of EIA peaks, which have been obtained in experiments.
We have observed a transformation from electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA) to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in open systems of the 85 Rb D 1 line by adding an incoherent optical pumping laser. This result raises a new question about recent theoretical work which does not address the degree of open. The pump beam only plays a role in transferring atoms by a spontaneous transition into the interacting system for EIT observation, which is an incoherent process. The dependence of the absorption spectra on the intensity and the polarization of each laser beam were observed. We have found the same tendencies in all transitions except the F = 2 ↔ F′ = 3 transition of the 85 Rb D 1 line, which is the system that almost satisfies conventional EIA conditions.
We have investigated atomic coherence changes caused by optical pumping applied to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) occurring at the open system, which consists of the transition between the F g = 2 ground state and the F e = 3 excited state in the 85 Rb D1-line. For optical pumping, another laser resonantly tuned to the transition between the F g = 3 ground state and the F e = 2 excited state was used. We found that the atomic coherence for EIA can be changed not by increasing the pumping rate but by pumping differently populations into the Zeeman sublevels in the F g = 2 ground state, which is realized by changing the polarization of the pumping laser. The experimental results were able to be analysed by density matrix equations in the simple model system.
The explanation presented by Taichenachev et al. [Phys. Rev. A 61,61,61, 011802 (2000)] according to which the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonances observed in degenerate two-level systems are due to coherence transfer from the excited to the ground state is experimentally tested in a Hanle-type experiment observing the parametric resonance on the D1D1D1 line of 87Rb.{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}.87Rb. While EIA occurs in the $F=\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{1}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ transition in a cell containing only Rb vapor, collisions with a buffer gas (30 torr of Ne) cause the sign reversal of this resonance as a consequence of collisional decoherence of the excited state. A theoretical model in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results is presented.
The effects of neighboring transitions through Doppler broadening on electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for the D2 transition line in Rb atoms with respect to the same circular polarization configurations ( σ + − σ + ) of coupling and probe lasers have been investigated. Spectra for the open F g = 2 → F e = 2 transition of 87 Rb and the F g = 3 → F e = 2 and 3 transitions of 85 Rb exhibit EIA, resulting from the neighboring effect of F g = 2 → F e = 3 and F g = 3 → F e = 4 transitions, respectively. In contrast, EIT is observed for the open F g = 2 → F e = 1 transition of 87 Rb, which indicates greater hyperfine energy splittings of 87 Rb and weaker neighboring effects than those of 85 Rb. Based on the theoretical results, we can confirm that EIT in the case of F g > F e for 87 Rb and circular parallel polarization transforms into EIA due to the magnitude of the neighboring effects with a decrease in the hyperfine energy splittings.