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Acta Physica Sinica

Electromagnetically induced absorption in four-level atomic system

Wang Li, Song Hai-Zhen, 南阳师范学院物理系,南阳 473061

Published Jan 1, 2006• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A four-level atomic system is employed as an example, in which three transitions are in N configuration and the middle transition is used as a probe transition. We show that electromagnetically induced absorption and electromagnetically induced transparency can appear in the four-level N-type atomic system, which are dependent not only on the spontaneous transfer of atomic coherence, but also on the relaxation of the fourth level, the Rabi frequency of the coupling and the control field.

DOI
10.7498/aps.55.4145

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 6, 2010•0 citations
A four-level atomic system is employed as an example, in which three transitions are in N configuration and the middle transition is used as a probe transition. We show that electromagnetically induced absorption and electromagnetically induced transparency can appear in the four-level N-type atomic system, which are dependent not only on the spontaneous transfer of atomic coherence, but also on the relaxation of the fourth level, the Rabi frequency of the coupling and the control field.
In this paper we reveal that the constructive interference of atomic coherence on absorption leads to electromagnetically induced absorption,which is in sharp contrast to the case in which destructive interference of atomic coherence gives rise to electromagnetically induced transparency. A four-level atomic system is employed in which three transitions are in N configuration and the middle transition is used as a probe transition. In the dressed states representation the probe transition is split into four transitions that are coupled to each other. The coupling originates from the spontaneous emission of the atomic medium and the spontaneous transfer from excited state coherence to ground state coherence. The former leads to couplings between all transitions with the same sign and to the absorption reduction. The latter results in couplings,of which t wo terms have positive sign and another two have negative sign. It is due to the couplings with positive and negative signs that significant modification of the contribution of dressed coherence to absorption occurs,i.e., absorption inhibition is changed to absorption enhancement.
Using density matrix eqution, the absorption and dispersion properties of a A-type four-level system driven by coherent fields are investigated. The result obtained by means of numerical method indicates that by adjusting the intensity of Rabi frequencies of the coherent field in the steady state, three, double or single electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can appear explicitly in this system. And the explanations of these phenomena are given by using the dressed states. In the three EIT, the location of transparent windows can be manipulated by controlling the detuning of the driving field. What's more, it is also found that the medium shows a large refractive index at each transparency window, and the group velocity of the probe laser can be enhanced.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
In this paper, we have calculated the absorption of the probing field in a N-type four-level atomic system with three dipole transitions using density matrix equation. The results indicate that the absorption or amplification of the probing field depends on the Rabi phases of the control field and signal field under introducing laser field Rabi phase, and the absorption or amplification periodically changes with the Rabi phases of the control field and the signal field at a period of 2π. The Rabi phase change of the probe field has no effect on the absorption. In addition, the effect of the signal field Rabi phase on absorption is the same as that of the control field Rabi phase on absorption. Rabi phase has an effect mainly on atomic coherence but little on atomic population.
We present a theoretical study on the frequency position and the linetype of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in a four-level atomic system with a coupling field, two microwave fields and a probe field. The absorption spectrum which is characterized by two EIT windows is obtained by a weak probe field scanning corresponding transition. It can be found that the frequency position and the linetype of EIT change with the relative phase of the two microwave fields. The frequnecy interval reaches the minimum when the relative phase is reverse. If two microwave fields have the same strength and reverse phase, the absorption spectrum will exhibit an EIT. This proposes a way to controlling frequency position of EIT by modulating the relative phase between two fields.