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arXiv:quant-ph/0211065 · Physical Review A

Inhibition of electromagnetically induced absorption due to excited-state decoherence in Rb vapor

H. Failache, Paulo Valente, G. Ban, V. Lorent, A. Lezama

Published Apr 15, 2003• 61 citations
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Abstract

The explanation presented by Taichenachev et al. [Phys. Rev. A $61,$ 011802 (2000)] according to which the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonances observed in degenerate two-level systems are due to coherence transfer from the excited to the ground state is experimentally tested in a Hanle-type experiment observing the parametric resonance on the $D1$ line of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}.$ While EIA occurs in the $F=\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{1}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ transition in a cell containing only Rb vapor, collisions with a buffer gas (30 torr of Ne) cause the sign reversal of this resonance as a consequence of collisional decoherence of the excited state. A theoretical model in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results is presented.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.67.043810

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The explanation presented by Taichenachev et al. [Phys. Rev. A 61,61,61, 011802 (2000)] according to which the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonances observed in degenerate two-level systems are due to coherence transfer from the excited to the ground state is experimentally tested in a Hanle-type experiment observing the parametric resonance on the D1D1D1 line of 87Rb.{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}.87Rb. While EIA occurs in the F=1\ensuremath→F\ensuremath′=2F=\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{1}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2F=1\ensuremath→​F\ensuremath′=2 transition in a cell containing only Rb vapor, collisions with a buffer gas (30 torr of Ne) cause the sign reversal of this resonance as a consequence of collisional decoherence of the excited state. A theoretical model in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results is presented.
The absorption spectrum of a weak probe, interacting with a driven degenerate two-level atomic system, whose ground and excited hyperfine states are Fg,e,{\mathrm{F}}_{g,e},Fg,e​, can exhibit narrow peaks at line center. When the pump and probe polarizations are different, Fe=Fg+1{F}_{e}{=F}_{g}+1Fe​=Fg​+1 and Fg>0,{F}_{g}>0,Fg​>0, the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) peak has been shown to be due to the transfer of coherence (TOC) between the excited and ground states via spontaneous decay. We give a detailed explanation of why the TOC that leads to EIA (EIA-TOC) can only take place when ground-state population trapping does not occur, that is, when Fe=Fg+1.{F}_{e}{=F}_{g}+1.Fe​=Fg​+1. We also explain why EIA-TOC is observed in open systems. We show that EIA can also occur when the pump and probe polarizations are identical and Fe=Fg+1.{F}_{e}{=F}_{g}+1.Fe​=Fg​+1. This EIA is analogous to an effect that occurs in simple two-level systems when the collisional transfer of population (TOP) from the ground state to a reservoir is greater than that from the excited state. For a degenerate two-level system, the reservoir consists of the Zeeman sublevels of the ground hyperfine state, and of other nearby hyperfine states that do not interact with the pump. We will also discuss the four-wave mixing spectrum under the conditions where EIA-TOC and EIA-TOP occur.
The temporal evolutions of coherent resonances corresponding to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) were observed in a Hanle absorption experiment carried on the D2D_{2}D2​ lines of % ^{87}Rb vapor by suddenly turning the magnetic field on or off. The main features of the experimental observations are well reproduced by a theoretical model based on Bloch equation where the atomic level degeneracy has been fully accounted for. Similar (opposite phase) evolutions were observed at low optical field intensities for Hanle/EIT or Hanle/EIA resonances. Unlike the Hanle/EIA\ transients which are increasingly shorter for driving field intensities approaching saturation, the B≠0B\neq 0B=0 transient of the Hanle/EIT signal at large driving field intensities present a long decay time approaching the atomic transit time. Such counterintuitive behavior is interpreted as a consequence of the Zeno effect.
We have investigated atomic coherence changes caused by optical pumping applied to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) occurring at the open system, which consists of the transition between the F g = 2 ground state and the F e = 3 excited state in the 85 Rb D1-line. For optical pumping, another laser resonantly tuned to the transition between the F g = 3 ground state and the F e = 2 excited state was used. We found that the atomic coherence for EIA can be changed not by increasing the pumping rate but by pumping differently populations into the Zeeman sublevels in the F g = 2 ground state, which is realized by changing the polarization of the pumping laser. The experimental results were able to be analysed by density matrix equations in the simple model system.
The temporal evolution of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) coherence resonances in pump-probe spectroscopy of degenerate two-level atomic transition is studied for light intensities below saturation. Analytical expressions for the transient absorption spectra are given for simple model systems and a model for the calculation of the time-dependent response of realistic atomic transitions, where the Zeeman degeneracy is fully accounted for, is presented. EIT and EIA resonances have a similar (opposite sign) time-dependent line shape, however, the EIA evolution is slower and thus narrower lines are observed for long interaction time. Qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions is obtained for the transient probe absorption on the 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb D2{D}_{2}D2​ line in an atomic beam experiment.
The effect of wall-induced Ramsey interference on the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in an anti-relaxation coated vapor cell is studied in a four-level closed N-type atomic system. We show that the atomic coherence spontaneously transferred from the excited states to the ground states may interfere via the Ramsey sequence of the moving atoms with decoherence-free wall collisions. The spectral narrowing of the EIA resonance lineshape is induced by the Ramsey effect because of the long lifetime of the spontaneously transferred atomic coherence between the ground states. This calculated Ramsey EIA spectrum is in good agreement with the narrow EIA spectrum obtained experimentally in the anti-relaxation coated vapor cell.
A large increase in atomic absorption due to coherent interaction with resonant radiation is predicted for a closed transition between two degenerate atomic levels verifying 0<Fg<Fe(Fg0<{F}_{g}<{F}_{e}{(F}_{g}0<Fg​<Fe​(Fg​ and Fe{F}_{e}Fe​ are the total angular momentum of the ground and the excited levels, respectively). In good agreement with the theoretical prediction, a total absorption enhancement by a factor 1.7 was obtained on the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}\mathrm{}85Rb in a vapor cell experiment.