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Journal of the Korean Physical Society

Transformation of EIA to EIT by incoherent pumping of the 85Rb D1 line

Hoon Yu, Jung Dong Kim, Tae Young Jung, Jung Bog Kim

Published Oct 1, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed a transformation from electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA) to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in open systems of the 85 Rb D 1 line by adding an incoherent optical pumping laser. This result raises a new question about recent theoretical work which does not address the degree of open. The pump beam only plays a role in transferring atoms by a spontaneous transition into the interacting system for EIT observation, which is an incoherent process. The dependence of the absorption spectra on the intensity and the polarization of each laser beam were observed. We have found the same tendencies in all transitions except the F = 2 ↔ F′ = 3 transition of the 85 Rb D 1 line, which is the system that almost satisfies conventional EIA conditions.

DOI
10.3938/jkps.61.1227

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Apr 17, 2015•12 citations
We have observed a transformation from electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA) to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in open systems of the 85 Rb D 1 line by adding an incoherent optical pumping laser. This result raises a new question about recent theoretical work which does not address the degree of open. The pump beam only plays a role in transferring atoms by a spontaneous transition into the interacting system for EIT observation, which is an incoherent process. The dependence of the absorption spectra on the intensity and the polarization of each laser beam were observed. We have found the same tendencies in all transitions except the F = 2 ↔ F′ = 3 transition of the 85 Rb D 1 line, which is the system that almost satisfies conventional EIA conditions.
The effects of neighboring transitions through Doppler broadening on electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for the D2 transition line in Rb atoms with respect to the same circular polarization configurations ( σ + − σ + ) of coupling and probe lasers have been investigated. Spectra for the open F g = 2 → F e = 2 transition of 87 Rb and the F g = 3 → F e = 2 and 3 transitions of 85 Rb exhibit EIA, resulting from the neighboring effect of F g = 2 → F e = 3 and F g = 3 → F e = 4 transitions, respectively. In contrast, EIT is observed for the open F g = 2 → F e = 1 transition of 87 Rb, which indicates greater hyperfine energy splittings of 87 Rb and weaker neighboring effects than those of 85 Rb. Based on the theoretical results, we can confirm that EIT in the case of F g > F e for 87 Rb and circular parallel polarization transforms into EIA due to the magnitude of the neighboring effects with a decrease in the hyperfine energy splittings.
We report here simultaneous experimental observation of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and Electromagnetically Induced Absorption (EIA) in a multi-level V-type system in D2 transition of Rb87, i.e., F=2→F′ with a strong pump and a weak probe beam. We studied the probe spectrum by locking the probe beam to the transition F=2→F′=2 while the pump is scanned from F=2→F′. EIA is observed for the open transition (F=2→F′=2) whereas EIT is observed in the closed transition (F=2→F′=3). Sub natural line-width is observed for the EIA. To simulate the observed spectra theoretically, Liouville equation for the three-level V-type system is solved analytically with a multi-mode approach for the density matrix elements. We assumed both the pump and the probe beams can couple the excited states. A multi-mode approach for the coherence terms facilitates the study of all the frequency contributions due to the pump and the probe fields. Since the terms contain higher harmonics of the pump and the probe frequencies, we expressed them in Fourier transformed forms. To simulate the probe spectrum, we have solved inhomogeneous difference equations for the coherence terms using the Green’s function technique and continued fraction theory. The experimental line-widths of the EIT and the EIA are compared with our theoretical model. Our system can be useful in optical switching applications as it can be precisely tuned to render the medium opaque and transparent simultaneously.
We have investigated atomic coherence changes caused by optical pumping applied to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) occurring at the open system, which consists of the transition between the F g = 2 ground state and the F e = 3 excited state in the 85 Rb D1-line. For optical pumping, another laser resonantly tuned to the transition between the F g = 3 ground state and the F e = 2 excited state was used. We found that the atomic coherence for EIA can be changed not by increasing the pumping rate but by pumping differently populations into the Zeeman sublevels in the F g = 2 ground state, which is realized by changing the polarization of the pumping laser. The experimental results were able to be analysed by density matrix equations in the simple model system.
85Rb  D1^85Rb\;D_185RbD1​ 전이선의 바닥준위 FgF_gFg​ =2에서 여기준위 FeF_eFe​ =3 전이를 이용하여 열린 원자계에서의 전자기 유도 흡수 현상을 관측하고, 전자기 유도 흡수에서의 비결맞음 펌핑 효과를 조사했다. 비결맞음 광원의 편광과 세기의 변화에 따른 전자기 유도 흡수에 대한 연구를 통해 비결맞음 광원의 편광에 따라서 자기부준위들 사이의 원자밀도 분포의 변화를 유도할 수 있고, 이러한 원자밀도 재분포 효과에 의해서 전자기 유도 흡수의 정도가 달라짐을 확인하였다 We have studied the effects of incoherent pumping on EIA at the transition between the Fg=2F_g=2Fg​=2 ground state and the Fe=3F_e=3Fe​=3 excited state in 85Rb  D1^{85}Rb\;D_185RbD1​ -line. Generally, the studies about EIA have been done in the cycling transition, where the population has no loss to other states. In the case of EIA by using the 85Rb  D1^{85}Rb\;D_185RbD1​ transition line, the population is transferred to the other hyperfine state due to optical pumping. We incoherently pumped the atoms from Fg=3  to  Fg=2F_g=3\;to\;F_g=2Fg​=3toFg​=2 with the pumping beam, which is resonant at the transition from Fg=3  to  Fg=2F_g=3\;to\;F_g=2Fg​=3toFg​=2 . We were able to observe the effects of incoherent pumping depending on the power and the polarization of the pumping beam.
The temporal evolution of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) coherence resonances in pump-probe spectroscopy of degenerate two-level atomic transition is studied for light intensities below saturation. Analytical expressions for the transient absorption spectra are given for simple model systems and a model for the calculation of the time-dependent response of realistic atomic transitions, where the Zeeman degeneracy is fully accounted for, is presented. EIT and EIA resonances have a similar (opposite sign) time-dependent line shape, however, the EIA evolution is slower and thus narrower lines are observed for long interaction time. Qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions is obtained for the transient probe absorption on the 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb D2{D}_{2}D2​ line in an atomic beam experiment.
Abstract We present theoretical and experimental studies of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) for the transition of 85 Rb-D2 line. From the results calculated by solving time-dependent density-matrix equations including the optical and Zeeman coherences connected via three-photon interactions, the EIA signals have ultra-narrow feature in low powers of coupling beam in both same- and orthogonal-polarization configurations for both stationary and thermal atoms. However, the ultra-narrow EIA signals from high powers of coupling laser beam still remained in the ultra-narrow state only in the same-polarization configuration for thermal atoms. The calculated results match well with experimental results except ultra-narrow EIA region considering linewidths of two separate coupling and probe lasers.