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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Remote Three-Party Quantum State Sharing Based on Three-Atom Entangled States Assisted by Cavity QED and Flying Qubits

Tie-Jun Wang, Fu‐Guo Deng

Published May 1, 2011• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a remote three-party quantum state sharing (QSTS) scheme with three-atom Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger (GHZ) states assisted by cavity QED and flying qubits. It exploits some photons to act as the flying qubits for setting up the quantum channel securely with three-atom systems in a GHZ state, which maybe make this remote QSTS scheme more practical than some other schemes based on atom systems only or ion-trap systems as photons interact with their environments weakly. The coherence of the stationary atom qubits in cavities provides the convenience for the parties in QSTS to check eavesdropping, different from entangled photon systems. Moreover, the present scheme works in a collective-noise condition and it may be more practical than others in applications in future.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/55/5/12

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We present a remote three-party quantum state sharing (QSTS) scheme with three-atom Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger (GHZ) states assisted by cavity QED and flying qubits. It exploits some photons to act as the flying qubits for setting up the quantum channel securely with three-atom systems in a GHZ state, which maybe make this remote QSTS scheme more practical than some other schemes based on atom systems only or ion-trap systems as photons interact with their environments weakly. The coherence of the stationary atom qubits in cavities provides the convenience for the parties in QSTS to check eavesdropping, different from entangled photon systems. Moreover, the present scheme works in a collective-noise condition and it may be more practical than others in applications in future.
我们在场分享的一个遥远的三聚会的量状态(QSTS ) 有三原子的 GreenbergerHorneZeilinger (GHZ ) 状态的计划由洞证完和飞的 qubits 帮助了。为处于一个 GHZ 状态与三原子的系统安全地建立量隧道充当飞的 qubits 利用一些光子，它也许仅仅基于原子系统使这个遥远的 QSTS 计划比一些另外的计划更实际或光子微弱地与他们的环境交往的离子陷井系统。在洞的静止原子 qubits 的连贯在 QSTS 为聚会提供便利检查偷听，与纠缠的光子系统不同。而且，处于一个集体噪音的条件和它的现在的计划工作可能是比在在未来的应用的其它更实际的。
An experimentally feasible scheme for generalized quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown single-qubit state in cavity QED is presented. Using a generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state as the quantum channel among the three parties, the quantum information (i.e. the single-qubit state) from the sender can be split in such a way that the information can be recovered if and only if both receivers collaborate. Moreover, the scheme is insensitive to both the effects of thermal field and cavity decay.
An efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states following some ideas in quantum dense coding. The agents take the single-photon measurements on the photons received for eavesdropping check and exploit the four local unitary operations I , σ z , σ x and i σ y to code their message. This scheme has the advantage of high capacity as each GHZ state can carry two bits of information. The parties do not need to announce the measuring bases for almost all the photons, which will reduce the classical information exchanged largely. The intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total efficiency both approach the maximal values.
We present two schemes for realizing the remote preparation of a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state. The first scheme is to remotely prepare a general N -particle GHZ state with two steps. One is to prepare a qubit state by using finite classical bits from sender to receiver via a two-particle entangled state, and the other is that the receiver introduces N — 1 additional particles and performs N — 1 controlled-not (C-Not) operations. The second scheme is to remotely prepare an N -atom GHZ state via a two-atom entangled state in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). The two schemes require only a two-particle entangled state used as a quantum channel, so we reduce the requirement for entanglement.
Based on the interference effect of polarized photons leaking out of separate cavities, we propose schemes for the generation of the N -atom Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state, three-atom W state and a genuine four-atom entangled state |χ⟩. In these schemes, each of the atoms is trapped separately in a remote optical cavity, and the possible spontaneous channels induced by the excited atoms lead to the coherent superposition of the states of the atoms. The desired multipartite entangled states can be generated with a certain success probability by the subsequent detection of the polarized photons in different modes. The schemes would be useful steps towards long-distance quantum communication, distributed quantum computation and constructing remote quantum information processing networks.
We present two schemes for multiparty quantum remote secret conference in which each legitimate conferee can read out securely the secret message announced by another, but a vicious eavesdropper can get nothing about it. The first one is based on the same key shared efficiently and securely by all the parties with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and each conferee sends his secret message to the others with one-time pad crypto-system. The other one is based on quantum encryption with a quantum key, a sequence of GHZ states shared among all the conferees and used repeatedly after confirming their security. Both these schemes are optimal as their intrinsic efficiency for qubits approaches the maximal value.