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arXiv:quant-ph/0612017 · Chinese Physics Letters

Multiparty Quantum Remote Secret Conference

Xihan Li, Chunyan Li, Deng Fu-Guo, Ping Zhou, Yu-Jie Liang, Hong-Yu Zhou

Published Jan 1, 2007• 30 citations
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Abstract

We present two schemes for multiparty quantum remote secret conference in which each legitimate conferee can read out securely the secret message announced by another, but a vicious eavesdropper can get nothing about it. The first one is based on the same key shared efficiently and securely by all the parties with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and each conferee sends his secret message to the others with one-time pad crypto-system. The other one is based on quantum encryption with a quantum key, a sequence of GHZ states shared among all the conferees and used repeatedly after confirming their security. Both these schemes are optimal as their intrinsic efficiency for qubits approaches the maximal value.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/24/1/007

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We present two schemes for multiparty quantum remote secret conference in which each legitimate conferee can read out securely the secret message announced by another, but a vicious eavesdropper can get nothing about it. The first one is based on the same key shared efficiently and securely by all the parties with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and each conferee sends his secret message to the others with one-time pad crypto-system. The other one is based on quantum encryption with a quantum key, a sequence of GHZ states shared among all the conferees and used repeatedly after confirming their security. Both these schemes are optimal as their intrinsic efficiency for qubits approaches the maximal value.
A multiparty quantum secret report scheme is proposed with quantum encryption. The boss Alice and her M agents first share a sequence of ( M +1)-particle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states that only Alice knows which state each ( M +1)-particle quantum system is in. Each agent exploits a controlled-not (CNot) gate to encrypt the travelling particle by using the particle in the GHZ state as the control qubit. The boss Alice decrypts the travelling particle with a CNot gate after performing a σ x operation on her particle in the GHZ state or not. After the GHZ states (the quantum key) are used up, the parties check whether there is a vicious eavesdropper, say Eve, monitoring the quantum line, by picking out some samples from the GHZ states shared and measuring them with two measuring bases. After confirming the security of the quantum key, they use the remaining GHZ states repeatedly for the next round of quantum communication. This scheme has the advantage of high intrinsic efficiency for the qubits and total efficiency.
An efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states following some ideas in quantum dense coding. The agents take the single-photon measurements on the photons received for eavesdropping check and exploit the four local unitary operations I , σ z , σ x and i σ y to code their message. This scheme has the advantage of high capacity as each GHZ state can carry two bits of information. The parties do not need to announce the measuring bases for almost all the photons, which will reduce the classical information exchanged largely. The intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total efficiency both approach the maximal values.
In this paper, we present an (n, n) threshold quantum secret sharing scheme of secure direct communication using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. The present scheme is efficient in that all the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states used in the quantum secret sharing scheme are used to generate shared secret messages except those chosen for checking eavesdropper. In our scheme, the measuring basis of communication parties is invariable and the classical information used to check eavesdropping needs only the results of measurements of the communication parties. Another nice feature of our scheme is that the sender transmit her secret messages to the receivers directly and the receivers recover the sender's secret by combining their results, different from the QSS scheme whose object is essentially to allow a sender to establish a shared key with the receivers. This feature of our scheme is similar to that of quantum secret direct communication.
We proposed two multiparty quantum secret sharing schemes based on n-particle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-states (GHZ states), which are transformed from Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs by entanglement swapping. In our schemes, the dealer imposes messages by performing local unitary operations (I, σ x, iσ y, σ z) on the n-particle GHZ state she holds, and the agents collaborate to deduce the dealer's messages by performing local unitary operations on their own qubit. The amount of dealer's secret message is positively related with the number of agents. The need of qubits is one-third less than the former schemes and, also, they can be reused for the next new round. The scheme (II) does not have to pre-share the code table, which increases the security without the risk of being stolen.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) aims to allow two remote parties to communicate directly without creating a private key in advance and then using it to encrypt the secret message. In this paper, a multiparty controlled secure quantum communication of d-dimensional is proposed based on d-dimensional maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and teleportation. After using decoy photons to check eavesdropping efficiently for the purpose of the quantum channel security, the sender encodes the secret message of d-dimensional on a sequence of additional particle states and then fulfills teleportation of the secret through d-dimensional Bell state measurement (DBM) and X-basis or Z-basis measurement. The receiver can recover the secret message by combining his measurement result with the senderpsilas and controllerpsilas results. If an eavesdropper Eve cannot escape from the communication parties eavesdropping check, our scheme is completely secure because the transmitting particle sequence does not carry the secret message.