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arXiv:quant-ph/0606021 · Chinese Physics Letters

Multiparty Quantum Secret Report

Deng Fu-Guo, Xihan Li, Chunyan Li, Ping Zhou, Yu-Jie Liang, Hong-Yu Zhou

Published Jun 28, 2006• 38 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A multiparty quantum secret report scheme is proposed with quantum encryption. The boss Alice and her M agents first share a sequence of ( M +1)-particle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states that only Alice knows which state each ( M +1)-particle quantum system is in. Each agent exploits a controlled-not (CNot) gate to encrypt the travelling particle by using the particle in the GHZ state as the control qubit. The boss Alice decrypts the travelling particle with a CNot gate after performing a σ x operation on her particle in the GHZ state or not. After the GHZ states (the quantum key) are used up, the parties check whether there is a vicious eavesdropper, say Eve, monitoring the quantum line, by picking out some samples from the GHZ states shared and measuring them with two measuring bases. After confirming the security of the quantum key, they use the remaining GHZ states repeatedly for the next round of quantum communication. This scheme has the advantage of high intrinsic efficiency for the qubits and total efficiency.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/23/7/006

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A multiparty quantum secret report scheme is proposed with quantum encryption. The boss Alice and her M agents first share a sequence of ( M +1)-particle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states that only Alice knows which state each ( M +1)-particle quantum system is in. Each agent exploits a controlled-not (CNot) gate to encrypt the travelling particle by using the particle in the GHZ state as the control qubit. The boss Alice decrypts the travelling particle with a CNot gate after performing a σ x operation on her particle in the GHZ state or not. After the GHZ states (the quantum key) are used up, the parties check whether there is a vicious eavesdropper, say Eve, monitoring the quantum line, by picking out some samples from the GHZ states shared and measuring them with two measuring bases. After confirming the security of the quantum key, they use the remaining GHZ states repeatedly for the next round of quantum communication. This scheme has the advantage of high intrinsic efficiency for the qubits and total efficiency.
We present two schemes for multiparty quantum remote secret conference in which each legitimate conferee can read out securely the secret message announced by another, but a vicious eavesdropper can get nothing about it. The first one is based on the same key shared efficiently and securely by all the parties with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and each conferee sends his secret message to the others with one-time pad crypto-system. The other one is based on quantum encryption with a quantum key, a sequence of GHZ states shared among all the conferees and used repeatedly after confirming their security. Both these schemes are optimal as their intrinsic efficiency for qubits approaches the maximal value.
An efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states following some ideas in quantum dense coding. The agents take the single-photon measurements on the photons received for eavesdropping check and exploit the four local unitary operations I , σ z , σ x and i σ y to code their message. This scheme has the advantage of high capacity as each GHZ state can carry two bits of information. The parties do not need to announce the measuring bases for almost all the photons, which will reduce the classical information exchanged largely. The intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total efficiency both approach the maximal values.
We proposed two multiparty quantum secret sharing schemes based on n-particle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-states (GHZ states), which are transformed from Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs by entanglement swapping. In our schemes, the dealer imposes messages by performing local unitary operations (I, σ x, iσ y, σ z) on the n-particle GHZ state she holds, and the agents collaborate to deduce the dealer's messages by performing local unitary operations on their own qubit. The amount of dealer's secret message is positively related with the number of agents. The need of qubits is one-third less than the former schemes and, also, they can be reused for the next new round. The scheme (II) does not have to pre-share the code table, which increases the security without the risk of being stolen.
A multiparty-controlled teleportation (M-CT) scheme for securely teleporting an arbitrary unknown single-qubit state by using generalised Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states is presented in this paper, i.e., a sender, Alice, transmits an arbitrary single-qubit state to a distant receiver, Bob, under approving by all N controllers Charliei(i = 1, 2, …, N) in a quantum communication network. It is proved feasibly and easily to realise by quantum entanglement. The security of proposed scheme is also discussed. We make sure of the security of the quantum channel between the parties by decoy states. This scheme also can be used to share a quantum secret information in quantum secret sharing.
Abstract In this paper, two new efficient multiparty quantum direct secret sharing schemes are proposed via a six-particle GHZ state and Bell measurements. In the first scheme, based on the theory of security cryptanalysis, the secret message of the sender is directly encoded into the transmitted particles, and all the agents can obtain their information by performing bell measurement on the received particles, and then cooperate to recover the information of the sender. In the second scheme, we define a new secret shared coding method by performing local unitary operations on the transmitted particles, then agents perform Bell measurements on their own particles respectively, and feedback the measurement to the dealer. If the agent’s results are matched with the previous coding method, the protocol will work out. In addition, the proposed two schemes have the following common advantages: the sender can send all prepared particles to the receiver, and can send an arbitrary key to the receiver, rather than a random secret key; the proposed schemes do not need to insert any detection sets to detect eavesdropping and can resist both existing attacks and spoofing attacks by dishonest agents. The sender need not to retain any photons, so the sender’s quantum memory could be omitted here.
The quantum secret sharing scheme can be implemented within realistic,highly secure multi-user communication network,using Greenberger Horne Zeilinger(GHZ) states.The quantum communication network marries a variety of GHZ states to well establish the secure key distribution system employed in conjunction with the nodes and control centers.Compared with the classical quantum cryptography,it is theoretically proved that an eavesdropper Eve invariably introduces errors within communication network if she wants to gain useful information.The nodes and control centers must find Eve to guarantee the security of the network.