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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Nuclear coherence and inversionless gain at gamma-ray transition

Roman L. Kolesov, Yuri V. Rostovtsev, Olga A. Kocharovskaya

Published Sep 26, 1997• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A possibility of amplification without population inversion at gamma-ray transition due to excitation of nuclear coherence via coherent optical driving of the electron coupled with nucleus is demonstrated. Hyperfine splitting and isomer shift allow us to get inversionless amplification at gamma-ray transition via nuclear coherence created by the optical driving field.

DOI
10.1117/12.287715

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A possibility of amplification without population inversion at gamma-ray transition due to excitation of nuclear coherence via coherent optical driving of the electron coupled with nucleus is demonstrated. Hyperfine splitting and isomer shift allow us to get inversionless amplification at gamma-ray transition via nuclear coherence created by the optical driving field.
Summary form only given.In principal, one could use microwave driving of hyperfine or Zeeman sublevels of the nuclear levels. But the large difference in the frequencies of the driven and amplifying transitions leads to a number of difficulties, which could be essentially reduced in case of optical driving. However the absence of optical transitions in the structure of nuclear levels does not allow direct driving of nuclear transitions by laser radiation. We show that coherent optical driving of the electronic transitions can provide amplification without inversion (AWI) at gamma-ray nuclear transition in cases when the structure of the electronic levels is essentially modified by excitation of nucleus.
The concept of a γ-ray laser which makes use of the kinematic shift and the splitting of the spectral lines of radiative γ-transitions observed in an ensemble of free nuclei owing to recoil is considered. These effects form a prerequisite for the formation of hidden population inversion with no excess of the number of excited emitters over the number of unexcited ones, for implementation of a broadband unperturbing x-ray pump in an unconventional 'two-level' scheme, for the manifestation of anisotropic quantum amplification without any reflecting structures, etc. These attractive properties offer strong possibilities of staging an initial demonstration nuclear γ-ray laser experiment.
This report results from a contract tasking Moscow State University as follows: Exploration of methods to control the radiative gamma- processes in nuclei is currently one of the most promising investigation directions of the modern Quantum Nucleonics - a new realm of contemporary Physics which spreads the basic conceptual ideas and methods of optical Quantum Electronics of atoms and molecules to the gamma-ray range and atomic nuclei and even anti-particles. One of the most important problems in this field is the generation of coherent gamma-radiation by a Gamma-ray Lasing (GRL) process which makes use of excited nuclei as an amplifying medium. The most likely medium for gamma-ray lasers is an ensemble of metastable nuclear isomers, Direct excitation of these isomeric states by electrons or X-ray photons will also create a deeper understanding of nuclear structure and properties.
We propose a new scheme of gamma-quanta amplification without inversion. Laser pumping of electron states creates giant nuclear-spin polarisation via the hyperfine interaction. This results in extreme cooling of the ground-state nuclear spin in a projection which does not absorb both laser pump and gamma-quanta according to selection rules for these transitions. Induced emission from the nuclear excited state is not influenced by the pump. Therefore gamma-quanta travelling inside the pump beam have an opportunity to induce stimulated emission without subsequent quenching by ground state nuclei.
The direct interaction between nuclei and strong electromagnetic fields generated by novel coherent x-ray light sources such as the x-ray free electron laser is studied. We investigate the case of various stable or long-lived isotopes with energetically low-lying excited states, where the laser drives the nuclear transition from the ground to the first excited state. We therefore consider the nucleus as a two-level system including the corresponding hyperfine levels in our theoretical description. The performance of present and upcoming x-ray free electron laser facilities in coherently controlling the nuclear excited state population is analyzed for setups involving both solid state as well as accelerated nuclear targets to bridge the gap between photon and transition frequency. Current and predicted laser parameters are applied to calculate excited state populations and signal photon rates of nuclei after a radiation pulse, finding significant improvements compared to former calculations. Furthermore, we determine the parameters necessary to transfer substantial amounts of the nuclear ground state population to the excited state, and therefore to bring nuclear Rabi-oscillation within reach. Additionally, we take into account for the first time collective effects that take place in solid state targets and show that they may provide a significant effect in broadening natural linewidths of nuclear levels depending on the experimental setup. Our findings support the case of nuclear quantum optics for XFEL applications. Therefore, one hopes that eventually coherent control of nuclear transitions can be successfully applied in a number of areas in nuclear physics including preparation, control and detection methods.