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Quantum Electronics

Gamma-ray laser operating with the assistance of the recoil of free nuclei

Лев Абрамович Ривлин

Published Jun 30, 1999• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The concept of a γ-ray laser which makes use of the kinematic shift and the splitting of the spectral lines of radiative γ-transitions observed in an ensemble of free nuclei owing to recoil is considered. These effects form a prerequisite for the formation of hidden population inversion with no excess of the number of excited emitters over the number of unexcited ones, for implementation of a broadband unperturbing x-ray pump in an unconventional 'two-level' scheme, for the manifestation of anisotropic quantum amplification without any reflecting structures, etc. These attractive properties offer strong possibilities of staging an initial demonstration nuclear γ-ray laser experiment.

DOI
10.1070/qe1999v029n06abeh001514

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Quantum Electronics•Dec 31, 2009•1 citation
The concept of a γ-ray laser which makes use of the kinematic shift and the splitting of the spectral lines of radiative γ-transitions observed in an ensemble of free nuclei owing to recoil is considered. These effects form a prerequisite for the formation of hidden population inversion with no excess of the number of excited emitters over the number of unexcited ones, for implementation of a broadband unperturbing x-ray pump in an unconventional 'two-level' scheme, for the manifestation of anisotropic quantum amplification without any reflecting structures, etc. These attractive properties offer strong possibilities of staging an initial demonstration nuclear γ-ray laser experiment.
We discuss a possibility for obtaining the self-amplified spontaneous emission of gamma radiation in an active medium with hidden population inversion of nuclear states. Hidden inversion appears in cooled nuclear ensembles due to assistance of the nuclear recoil in emission and absorption of gamma quanta. Establishing a hidden inversion allows an amplification of gamma radiation to occur in a particular frequency range without excess of the number of excited nuclei over the number of unexcited nuclei. We formulate a set of requirements to the pumping radiation and to the amplifying nuclear medium crucial to the development of gamma-ray lasing.
The evolution of the foreign and native search for solving the problem of a nuclear gamma-ray laser (NGL), which has been attracting attention for almost half a century despite the absence at present of any convincing data about its experimental solution, is considered. It is shown that the key conflict inherent in any conception of the NGL is the antagonism between the necessity to accumulate a sufficient amount of excited nuclei and the requirement to narrow down the emission gamma-ray line to its natural radiative width. The critical analysis of different approaches for solving this conflict (Mössbauer scheme, deeply cooled ensembles of free nuclei with the hidden inversion, nuclear inversionless amplification, two-quantum gamma emission in counterpropagating photon beams, hypothetical amplifying medium of long-lived isomers in a Bose—Einstein condensate) shows that this search is important not only due to the expected result, which could stimulate the development of quantum nucleonics as a new branch in physics, but also is of interest due to a variety of physical disciplines and experimental approaches used in this search.
The features of the pump dynamics of isomeric nuclei excited by X-rays of a repetitively pulsed relativistic electron beam followed by the production of a medium with the negative absorption of gamma quanta are analysed. In the extended nuclear medium, the pump excites a travelling hidden-population-inversion wave with the anisotropic gamma amplification, which becomes positive in the case of the excess over the critical pump parameter equal to the product of the peak spectral power density of the X-ray source and the relative duration of an ultrashort relativistic electron bunch. In the alternative scheme with orthogonal directions of pumping X-rays and a flux of amplified gamma quanta, the absence of the amplification anisotropy opens up the possibility for constructing a standard two-mirror resonator with Bragg single-crystal reflectors. The critical peak value of the spectral pump power density is compared with the known characteristics of relativistic-electron X-ray sources by examples of some nuclides.