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Physical Review A

Preparation of coherent superposition in a three-state system by adiabatic passage

Nicolas Sangouard, S. Guérin, Леонід Петрович Яценко, Thomas Halfmann

Published Jul 29, 2004• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We examine the topology of eigenenergy surfaces associated to a three-state system driven by two quasi-resonant fields. We deduce mechanisms that allow us to generate various coherent superposition of two states using an additional field, far off resonances. We report the numerical validations in mercury atoms as a model system, creating the coherent superpositions of two excited states and of two states coupled by a Raman process.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.013415

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We examine the topology of eigenenergy surfaces associated to a three-state system driven by two quasi-resonant fields. We deduce mechanisms that allow us to generate various coherent superposition of two states using an additional field, far off resonances. We report the numerical validations in mercury atoms as a model system, creating the coherent superpositions of two excited states and of two states coupled by a Raman process.
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We propose a scheme for creating atomic coherent superposition states via the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type system where the final state has twofold levels. With the application of a control field, it is found that the presence of double dark states leads to two arbitrary coherent superposition states with equal amplitude but inverse relative phases, even though the condition of multiphoton resonance is not met. In particular, two orthogonal maximal coherent superposition states are created when the control field is resonant with the transition of the twofold levels. This scheme can also be extended to manifold $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type systems.
Coherent population transfer and superposition of atomic states via a technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in an excited-doublet four-level atomic system have been analyzed. It is shown that the behavior of adiabatic passage in this system depends crucially on the detunings between the laser frequencies and the corresponding atomic transition frequencies. Particularly, if both the fields are tuned to the center of the two upper levels, the four-level system has two degenerate dark states, although one of them contains the contribution from the excited atomic states. The nonadiabatic coupling of the two degenerate dark states is intrinsic, it originates from the energy difference of the two upper levels. An arbitrary superposition of atomic states can be prepared due to such nonadiabatic coupling effect.
We extend the shortcut to the adiabatic passage method, proposed by Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 123003 (2010)], to the creation of an arbitrary coherent superposition of states in a multi-level system.We consider a multi-state system composed of an initial ground state, an excited state and an arbitrary number of final states.In this method, the initial state is linked to the excited state using a pump laser pulse and final states are coupled to the excited state using the Stokes laser pulses.Furthermore, the initial state is coupled to the final states using additional laser fields.We show that the problem can be reduced to the solution of a three-state loop system involving an initial ground state, an excited state and a superposition of final states.This decomposition allows to create an arbitrary coherent superposition of states using the shortcut to the adiabatic passage method.When compared to other strategies, this method provides a fast and robust approach to the coherent superposition of states.