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Physical Review A

Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a two-state system

Nikolay V. Vitanov, Bruce W. Shore

Published May 2, 2006• 67 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a method, using adiabatic passage, for creating a maximally coherent superposition in a two-state atom. The method exploits the analogy between the two-state Bloch equations and the three-state stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) equations, and uses two sequential but overlapping pulsed fields, a driving pump pulse and a delayed but overlapped detuning pulse. Like STIRAP, this method is robustly insensitive to small changes in pulse properties.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.73.053402

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We present a method, using adiabatic passage, for creating a maximally coherent superposition in a two-state atom. The method exploits the analogy between the two-state Bloch equations and the three-state stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) equations, and uses two sequential but overlapping pulsed fields, a driving pump pulse and a delayed but overlapped detuning pulse. Like STIRAP, this method is robustly insensitive to small changes in pulse properties.
We discuss the properties of a simple and robust scheme for preparing atoms and molecules in an arbitrary preselected coherent superposition of quantum states - fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (fractional STIRAP) - first proposed by Marte et al (1991 Phys. Rev. A 44 R4118). As in STIRAP, the Stokes pulse arrives before the pump pulse, but unlike STIRAP, here the two pulses terminate simultaneously, while maintaining a constant ratio of amplitudes. We extend earlier research and suggest a realization of this scheme with two smoothly varying delayed laser pulses (which can be derived from a single laser), the parameters of the created superposition being controlled by the polarization of the delayed pulse. Furthermore, we provide simple analytic estimates of the robustness of this process against variations in the laser intensity, laser frequency and pulse delay. Finally, we discuss an extension to multistate systems which provides a possibility for creating coherent superpositions of more than two states.
We propose a scheme for creating coherent atomic superposition states via the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a Λ-type system where final states are composed of manifold of levels and the intermediate levels could be more than one level. If the pump pulses and Stokes pulses are kept in the same order of ordinary STIRAP, through the control the delay time between the Stokes pulses and pump pulse, we could create arbitrary superposition states in the manifold of levels.
We discuss a simple scheme for preparing atoms and molecules in an arbitrary preselected coherent superposition of quantum states. The technique, which we call fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage ({\it f-STIRAP}), is based upon (incomplete) adiabatic population transfer between an initial state ψ1ψ_1ψ1​ and state ψ3ψ_3ψ3​ through an intermediate state ψ2ψ_2ψ2​. As in STIRAP, the Stokes pulse arrives before the pump pulse, but unlike STIRAP, the two pulses terminate simultaneously while maintaining a constant ratio of amplitudes. The independence of f-STIRAP from details of pulse shape and pulse area makes it the analog of conventional STIRAP in the creation of coherent superpositions of states. We suggest a smooth realization of f-STIRAP which requires only two laser pulses (which can be derived from a single laser) and at the same time ensures the automatic fulfillment of the asymptotic conditions at early and late times. Furthermore, we provide simple analytic estimates of the robustness of f-STIRAP against variations in the pulse intensity, the pulse delay, and the intermediate-state detuning, and discuss its possible extension to multistate systems.
Coherent manipulation of quantum states is of crucial importance in accurate control of a quantum system. A fundamental goal is coherently transferring the population of a desired state with near-unit fidelity. For this purpose, we theoretically demonstrate a novel coherent double-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a three-level Λ-type system for realizing the switch of unequal initial preparations on two ground states. This operation uses a single optical pulse sequence accomplishing both bright-STIRAP and dark-STIRAP processes, in which the intermediate-level detuning and the pulse delay must be given an optimal adjustment. Besides, owing to the imperfection of double-STIRAP transition, the sensitivity of the switch fidelity with respect to the spontaneous loss from the intermediate state, to the pulse amplitude and to the population difference, is also discussed. This work suggests a simple and experimentally feasible all-optical approach to switch a superposition quantum state, serving as one-step closer to the goal of coherent manipulation of quantum systems.
In this work we develop a theory of fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (FSTIRAP) using frequency-chirped pulses (CFSTIRAP). We analyze the CFSTIRAP as a method to create a coherent superposition state maximizing coherence between the initial and the target state in the presence of the two-photon detuning. We demonstrate that the pulse chirping permits relaxation of the condition of the two-photon resonance required for adiabatic passage in STIRAP and FSTIRAP. The choice of the chirp rate $|\ensuremath{\alpha}|=|\ensuremath{\delta}|/({t}_{p}\ensuremath{-}{t}_{s})$ enables adiabatic passage to a predetermined state between two nearly degenerate final states within a broad range of values of the two-photon detuning and the chirp rate. The proposed schemes will expand the scope of quantum control methods and contribute to the further improvement of quantum imaging, sensing, and metrology.