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arXiv:quant-ph/9811079

Creation of coherent atomic superpositions by fractional STIRAP

Nikolay V. Vitanov, Kalle‐Antti Suominen, BERNARD SHORE

Published Nov 27, 1998• 1 citation
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Abstract

We discuss a simple scheme for preparing atoms and molecules in an arbitrary preselected coherent superposition of quantum states. The technique, which we call fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage ({\it f-STIRAP}), is based upon (incomplete) adiabatic population transfer between an initial state $ψ_1$ and state $ψ_3$ through an intermediate state $ψ_2$. As in STIRAP, the Stokes pulse arrives before the pump pulse, but unlike STIRAP, the two pulses terminate simultaneously while maintaining a constant ratio of amplitudes. The independence of f-STIRAP from details of pulse shape and pulse area makes it the analog of conventional STIRAP in the creation of coherent superpositions of states. We suggest a smooth realization of f-STIRAP which requires only two laser pulses (which can be derived from a single laser) and at the same time ensures the automatic fulfillment of the asymptotic conditions at early and late times. Furthermore, we provide simple analytic estimates of the robustness of f-STIRAP against variations in the pulse intensity, the pulse delay, and the intermediate-state detuning, and discuss its possible extension to multistate systems.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9811079

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We discuss a simple scheme for preparing atoms and molecules in an arbitrary preselected coherent superposition of quantum states. The technique, which we call fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage ({\it f-STIRAP}), is based upon (incomplete) adiabatic population transfer between an initial state ψ1ψ_1ψ1​ and state ψ3ψ_3ψ3​ through an intermediate state ψ2ψ_2ψ2​. As in STIRAP, the Stokes pulse arrives before the pump pulse, but unlike STIRAP, the two pulses terminate simultaneously while maintaining a constant ratio of amplitudes. The independence of f-STIRAP from details of pulse shape and pulse area makes it the analog of conventional STIRAP in the creation of coherent superpositions of states. We suggest a smooth realization of f-STIRAP which requires only two laser pulses (which can be derived from a single laser) and at the same time ensures the automatic fulfillment of the asymptotic conditions at early and late times. Furthermore, we provide simple analytic estimates of the robustness of f-STIRAP against variations in the pulse intensity, the pulse delay, and the intermediate-state detuning, and discuss its possible extension to multistate systems.
We discuss the properties of a simple and robust scheme for preparing atoms and molecules in an arbitrary preselected coherent superposition of quantum states - fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (fractional STIRAP) - first proposed by Marte et al (1991 Phys. Rev. A 44 R4118). As in STIRAP, the Stokes pulse arrives before the pump pulse, but unlike STIRAP, here the two pulses terminate simultaneously, while maintaining a constant ratio of amplitudes. We extend earlier research and suggest a realization of this scheme with two smoothly varying delayed laser pulses (which can be derived from a single laser), the parameters of the created superposition being controlled by the polarization of the delayed pulse. Furthermore, we provide simple analytic estimates of the robustness of this process against variations in the laser intensity, laser frequency and pulse delay. Finally, we discuss an extension to multistate systems which provides a possibility for creating coherent superpositions of more than two states.
A technique for creation of coherent superposition state of initial populated state and final state in serial multi-Λ system is proposed.It is based on an extension of the technique of fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage(f-STIRAP).But unlike the f-STIRAP,a new pulse sequence has been proposed,in which each Stoke laser precedes the corresponding pump laser by τ,and the first of Stokes pulses and the last of pump pulses should vanish simultaneously after all the intermediate pulses,which vanish simultaneously too.Furthermore,we provide numerical simulation of the robustness against variations in the pulse delay,and the detuning.In order to create desired superposition state,we must not only keep two-photon resonance,but also keep single-photon resonance.
We propose a scheme for creating coherent atomic superposition states via the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a Λ-type system where final states are composed of manifold of levels and the intermediate levels could be more than one level. If the pump pulses and Stokes pulses are kept in the same order of ordinary STIRAP, through the control the delay time between the Stokes pulses and pump pulse, we could create arbitrary superposition states in the manifold of levels.
The authors discuss the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), a method of using partially overlapping pulses (from pump and Stokes lasers) to produce complete population transfer between two quantum states of an atom or molecule. The procedure relies on the initial creation of a coherence (a population-trapping state) with subsequent adiabatic evolution. The authors present the basic theory, with some extensions, and then describe examples of experimental utilization. They note some applications of the technique not only to preparation of selected states for reaction studies, but also to quantum optics and atom optics.
Coherent manipulation of quantum states is of crucial importance in accurate control of a quantum system. A fundamental goal is coherently transferring the population of a desired state with near-unit fidelity. For this purpose, we theoretically demonstrate a novel coherent double-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a three-level Λ-type system for realizing the switch of unequal initial preparations on two ground states. This operation uses a single optical pulse sequence accomplishing both bright-STIRAP and dark-STIRAP processes, in which the intermediate-level detuning and the pulse delay must be given an optimal adjustment. Besides, owing to the imperfection of double-STIRAP transition, the sensitivity of the switch fidelity with respect to the spontaneous loss from the intermediate state, to the pulse amplitude and to the population difference, is also discussed. This work suggests a simple and experimentally feasible all-optical approach to switch a superposition quantum state, serving as one-step closer to the goal of coherent manipulation of quantum systems.
A technique for creation of well-defined preselected coherent superpositions of multiple quantum states is proposed. It is based on an extension of the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) to degenerate levels. As an example, the nine-state system composed of the magnetic sublevels of three levels with angular momenta Jg=0{J}_{g}=0Jg​=0, Je=1{J}_{e}=1Je​=1, and Jf=2{J}_{f}=2Jf​=2 is studied in detail. Starting from the $\ensuremath{\mid}{J}_{g}=0,{M}_{g}=0⟩$ state, STIRAP can create an arbitrary preselected coherent superposition between the five Mf{M}_{f}Mf​ sublevels $({M}_{f}=\ensuremath{-}2,\ensuremath{-}1,0,+1,+2)$ of the Jf=2{J}_{f}=2Jf​=2 level with 100% efficiency in the adiabatic limit. The populations and the phases of the Mf{M}_{f}Mf​ states in this superposition are determined entirely by the polarizations of the two laser fields. It is shown that this technique allows one to create any superposition of the five Mf{M}_{f}Mf​ states, that is, to reach any point in the Hilbert space of the Jf=2{J}_{f}=2Jf​=2 manifold, and the corresponding recipes for choosing the laser polarizations are presented.