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Physical Review A

Coherent population transfer and superposition of atomic states via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage using an excited-doublet four-level atom

Jin Shi-Qi, Shangqing Gong, Ruxin Li, Zhizhan Xu

Published Feb 26, 2004• 33 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent population transfer and superposition of atomic states via a technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in an excited-doublet four-level atomic system have been analyzed. It is shown that the behavior of adiabatic passage in this system depends crucially on the detunings between the laser frequencies and the corresponding atomic transition frequencies. Particularly, if both the fields are tuned to the center of the two upper levels, the four-level system has two degenerate dark states, although one of them contains the contribution from the excited atomic states. The nonadiabatic coupling of the two degenerate dark states is intrinsic, it originates from the energy difference of the two upper levels. An arbitrary superposition of atomic states can be prepared due to such nonadiabatic coupling effect.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.69.023408

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Coherent population transfer and superposition of atomic states via a technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in an excited-doublet four-level atomic system have been analyzed. It is shown that the behavior of adiabatic passage in this system depends crucially on the detunings between the laser frequencies and the corresponding atomic transition frequencies. Particularly, if both the fields are tuned to the center of the two upper levels, the four-level system has two degenerate dark states, although one of them contains the contribution from the excited atomic states. The nonadiabatic coupling of the two degenerate dark states is intrinsic, it originates from the energy difference of the two upper levels. An arbitrary superposition of atomic states can be prepared due to such nonadiabatic coupling effect.
We investigate the effect of collision-induced coherence on coherent population transfer with the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique in a double A-type four-level system with a widely separated excited doublet. It is shown that when the two pulsed lasers with Rabi frequencies nearly comparable to the energy separation of the doublet are tuned to the particular frequency where the condition for quantum interference is satisfied, the very low transfer efficiency due to the nonadiabatic coupling between the two degenerate adiabatic states could be enhanced significantly with the increase of the collisional decay rates in a moderate range. The enhanced transfer efficiency results from the weakening of the nonadiabatic coupling between the two degenerate adiabatic states realized through collision-induced destructive quantum interference.
The manipulation of population transfer and the creation of an arbitrary superposition between two atomic states in the framework of a closed inverse Y-type four-level system driven by a series of pulse pairs and an external control field is reported. It is shown that when the laser fields are tuned to resonance with respective transitions, the non-adiabatic coupling between two degenerate adiabatic states can be reduced tremendously and complete population transfer from the initial state to the target state can be achieved in a piecewise manner. Moreover, an arbitrary superposition between the initial state and target state can be created by suitably tuning the Rabi frequency of the control laser field, inter-pair time delay, pulse number or intra-pair time delay between the pump and Stokes pulses. This scheme combines stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and temporal coherent control, and may be useful for quantum information processing and control of chemical reactions.
The effect of the collisions on the control of coherent population transfer in a closed inverse YYY-type four-level system driven by three laser fields is investigated with the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique. An arbitrary coherent superposition between the initial state and target state can be created either by varying the Rabi frequency of the control laser field or by tuning the one-photon detunings of the pump and Stokes laser fields. When the three laser fields with nearly equal peak Rabi frequencies are each tuned to resonance with the respective transitions, the low transfer efficiency due to the nonadiabatic coupling between two degenerate adiabatic states could be enhanced dramatically with the increase of the collision-induced coherence decay rates to the value nearly comparable to the Rabi frequency of the control field. The enhanced transfer efficiency results from the collision-controlled electromagnetically induced transparency in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three-level subsystem and electromagnetically induced absorption in the ladder-type three-level subsystem of the four-level system.
We analyze the influence of three pulsed laser fields interacting with a four-state atomic system for which there occur two degenerate population-trapping dressed states. We present a simple expression for the geometrical phase acquired by such an atom during a stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) process using a delay between Stokes and pump pulses, during which the two Rabi frequencies adiabatically traverse a closed path in the parameter space. We describe techniques that can produce (geometrical) state-vector phases that are independent of the longitudial velocity with which atoms move across a laser beam, and that are insensitive to radiative decay from the intermediate excited state. The geometrical phase can be changed by changing the relative delay of the pulses. The geometrical phase can be measured by observing the population in atomic states. We show that when the pump and Stokes pulses are properly timed, high population transfer from the initial state to the target state is achieved. In the adiabatic limit the robustness of the population transfer is equivalent to that of STIRAP.