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Laser Physics

Manipulation of population transfer and the creation of an arbitrary superposition of atomic states using a series of pulse pairs

Zhenhua Zhang, Tian Jin, Juan Du

Published Aug 18, 2015• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The manipulation of population transfer and the creation of an arbitrary superposition between two atomic states in the framework of a closed inverse Y-type four-level system driven by a series of pulse pairs and an external control field is reported. It is shown that when the laser fields are tuned to resonance with respective transitions, the non-adiabatic coupling between two degenerate adiabatic states can be reduced tremendously and complete population transfer from the initial state to the target state can be achieved in a piecewise manner. Moreover, an arbitrary superposition between the initial state and target state can be created by suitably tuning the Rabi frequency of the control laser field, inter-pair time delay, pulse number or intra-pair time delay between the pump and Stokes pulses. This scheme combines stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and temporal coherent control, and may be useful for quantum information processing and control of chemical reactions.

DOI
10.1088/1054-660x/25/9/095201

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The manipulation of population transfer and the creation of an arbitrary superposition between two atomic states in the framework of a closed inverse Y-type four-level system driven by a series of pulse pairs and an external control field is reported. It is shown that when the laser fields are tuned to resonance with respective transitions, the non-adiabatic coupling between two degenerate adiabatic states can be reduced tremendously and complete population transfer from the initial state to the target state can be achieved in a piecewise manner. Moreover, an arbitrary superposition between the initial state and target state can be created by suitably tuning the Rabi frequency of the control laser field, inter-pair time delay, pulse number or intra-pair time delay between the pump and Stokes pulses. This scheme combines stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and temporal coherent control, and may be useful for quantum information processing and control of chemical reactions.
The effect of the collisions on the control of coherent population transfer in a closed inverse YYY-type four-level system driven by three laser fields is investigated with the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique. An arbitrary coherent superposition between the initial state and target state can be created either by varying the Rabi frequency of the control laser field or by tuning the one-photon detunings of the pump and Stokes laser fields. When the three laser fields with nearly equal peak Rabi frequencies are each tuned to resonance with the respective transitions, the low transfer efficiency due to the nonadiabatic coupling between two degenerate adiabatic states could be enhanced dramatically with the increase of the collision-induced coherence decay rates to the value nearly comparable to the Rabi frequency of the control field. The enhanced transfer efficiency results from the collision-controlled electromagnetically induced transparency in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three-level subsystem and electromagnetically induced absorption in the ladder-type three-level subsystem of the four-level system.
We propose a selective, efficient, and robust way to realize control of coherent population transfer in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type four-level system with a closely spaced doublet in the final state with time-separated chirped pump pulse and Stokes pulse pair by merging stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, temporal coherent control, and chirped adiabatic passage techniques. Moreover, an arbitrary coherent superposition between the final doublet, or between the intermediate state and either of the doublets can be created. This method holds the ability to ``control with control'' and has potential applications in coherent control of chemical reactions and quantum information processing.
We propose a way to significantly enhance selectivity and efficiency of coherent population transfer in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type four-level system with a closely spaced doublet in the final state by using a train of counterintuitively ordered pump-Stokes pulse pairs. Due to temporal constructive and destructive quantum interference between the sequential transitions and subsequent coherent accumulation and annihilation in the time domain, the spectral resolution of selective and perfect population transfer to either of the final states can be improved by more than one order of magnitude as compared to the conventionally widely used stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and chirped adiabatic passage techniques, which can also be well understood as a result of the formation of a comblike structure of the pulse train spectrum in the frequency domain. Moreover, an arbitrary coherent superposition between the closely separated doublet can be achieved by suitably tuning the repetition period and detuning of the laser fields. This method has potential applications in control of chemical reactions and quantum information processing.
Coherent population transfer and superposition of atomic states via a technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in an excited-doublet four-level atomic system have been analyzed. It is shown that the behavior of adiabatic passage in this system depends crucially on the detunings between the laser frequencies and the corresponding atomic transition frequencies. Particularly, if both the fields are tuned to the center of the two upper levels, the four-level system has two degenerate dark states, although one of them contains the contribution from the excited atomic states. The nonadiabatic coupling of the two degenerate dark states is intrinsic, it originates from the energy difference of the two upper levels. An arbitrary superposition of atomic states can be prepared due to such nonadiabatic coupling effect.
We propose a scheme for coherent control of population transfer and arbitrary superpositions of quantum states by a single-chirped laser pulse in a Λ-type excited-doublet four-level system. It is shown that selective, efficient, and robust population transfer from the initial state to the target states (excited or ground) can be achieved via chirped adiabatic passage when the pulse bandwidth is smaller than about 1/10 of the energy separations between the excited-doublet levels and between the ground states. Moreover, arbitrary coherent superpositions between the excited-doublet states, or between the higher ground state and either of the excited-doublet states, can be created by appropriately tuning the chirp rate and detuning the laser field. The proposed flexible method of coherent control of population transfer and arbitrary superpositions between the initially unpopulated states requires only a single pulse, and is robust against variations in the laser parameters, which has potential applications in quantum information processing.