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Applied Physics B

Efficient magnetic guiding and deflection of atomic beams with moderate velocities

A. Goepfert, Frank Lison, R. Schütze, R. Wynands, D. Haubrich, Dieter Meschede

Published Sep 1, 1999• 26 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s003400050797

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A Halbach array composed of 12 permanent magnets in a hexapole configuration is employed to deflect hydrogen atoms as they exit a Zeeman decelerator. The ability to preferentially manipulate H atoms is very useful, as there are currently very few techniques that are appropriate for purifying a beam of H atoms from precursor molecules (such as molecular hydrogen or ammonia), seed gases, and other contaminant species. The extent to which hydrogen atoms are deflected by a single Halbach array when it is tilted or shifted off the main beam axis is characterised experimentally and interpreted with the aid of a simple mathematical model. A radical beam filter is subsequently introduced, where four Halbach arrays arranged in series serve to deflect H atoms away from the main beam axis and around skimming blades; all other components of the incoming beam are blocked by the blades and are thus not transmitted through the magnetic guide. The properties of the guide, as established by experimental measurements and complemented by detailed simulations, confirm that it is a highly effective beam filter-successfully generating a pure and velocity-selected beam of H atoms.
An atomic beam has been collimated, compressed, and deflected simultaneously by an atomic beam guide based on an tilted one-dimensional magneto-optical trap. Isotope-selected rubidium atoms were extracted from the naturally-mixed thermal atomic beam. We could extract more than 50% of the incident atoms as a deflection beam when we combined this deflection technique with the atomic deceleration using a broadband spectral light. We could manipulate the transverse displacement of the deflected beam precisely by modifying the quadrupole magnetic field. We also observed the well-collimated atomic beam to be channeled into the dipole force potential valleys formed by the standing wave light field.
The fine control of a neutral atomic beam by radiation pressure has opened a new field called atom lithography. In particular, a direct writing method, which focuses an atomic beam with a standing-wave light field into narrow lines, has been demonstrated. A velocity-controlled and isotope-selected atomic beam is essential for improving the performance of this lithography method. An atomic deflection technique using radiation pressure is indispensable for producing such an atomic beam. Here we report on an atomic beam guide using a one-dimensional magneto-optical trap (1D-MOT). First we decelerate atoms whose velocities lie in the range between 250 and 320 m/s. A diode laser (780 nm) is used as the light source for deceleration and its injection current is modulated at 2 MHz. Then the decelerated beam is deflected by a tilted 1D-MOT, which consists of four copper rods and four rectangular mirrors.