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The European Physical Journal D

Atomic beam deflection by coherent momentum transfer and the dependence on weak magnetic fields

H. Theuer, Klaas Bergmann

Published Jul 1, 1998• 45 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s100530050141

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We demonstrate a new technique for the mechanical manipulation of atoms with light that may be used to deflect or split an atomic beam. This technique depends on the existence of an internal superposition state of the atom that is 'dark' to resonant excitation by a particular light field. An atom in a dark state may adiabatically follow a slowly varying light field in such a way that both the internal state and the atom's momentum are changed. Because the dark state never absorbs or fluoresces, the atomic coherence, necessary for atom interferometry, is preserved. We use laser-cooled Cs atoms to demonstrate the transfer of 8 photon momenta from the slowly varying laser field to the atom.
We present a protocol based on the interplay between superradiance and superabsorption to achieve the coherent deflection of an atomic sample due to the momentum transfer from the atoms to a cavity field. The coherent character of this momentum transfer, causing the atomic sample to deflect as a whole, follows from the collective nature of the atomic superradiant pulse and its superabsorption by the cavity field. The protocol is then used for the construction of positional mesoscopic atomic superpositions in cavity quantum electrodynamics.
The near-resonant interaction of an atomic beam with an optical standing-wave field can produce a deflection of the beam that depends on the initial atomic state. We investigate the extent to which the momentum transfer may be regarded as a coherent nondestructive encoding of the internal atomic state on the center-of-mass motion. Techniques developed for analyzing quantum-nondemolition measurements are used to quantify the effectiveness of this encoding. The effects of varying the detuning and the profile of the optical beam are discussed using parameter values close to those recently realized experimentally by Sleator et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1996 (1992)].