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International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)

Resonance Fluorescence of a Driven V-Type Three-Level Atom

Zhu Hai-Yan, Tongyi Zhang, Wei Zhao

Published Sep 1, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a three-level atom driven by two coherent laser fields in a V-type three levels with emphasis on the detuning effect. In the presence of the detuning of the first laser from exact resonance, there emerge some new structures in the resonance fluorescence spectrum. By applying the dressed-atom theory, we give an explanation for these interesting phenomena.

DOI
10.1109/icimw.2006.368692

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We investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a three-level atom driven by two coherent laser fields in a V-type three levels with emphasis on the detuning effect. In the presence of the detuning of the first laser from exact resonance, there emerge some new structures in the resonance fluorescence spectrum. By applying the dressed-atom theory, we give an explanation for these interesting phenomena.
This study concerns the shape of the resonance fluorescence spectrum emitted by a V-type three-level atom driven by two coherent fields which are resonant with the transitions connecting the ground state and the second and third level, respectively. We are especially interested in monitoring the spontaneous emission from the top level to the ground state. If the field connecting levels 1 and 2 is absent or small, the spontaneous emission from level 3 is characterized by the standard Mollow spectrum. If instead the 1-2 transition is saturated, the spectrum of resonance fluorescence from the top level is characterized by the following signatures: (i) the appearance of sidebands due to Rabi splitting effects, (ii) a reduction of its integrated area because of coherent population trapping1, and (iii) a significant reduction of its linewidth if the natural lifetime of level 2 is longer than level 3. The latter effect is especially interesting and rather unexpected, as the decay properties of an optical transition are being transferred to another by controlling the relative magnitudes of the driving fields. We have carried out our calculations with the help of the regression theorem and also developed a simple physical interpretation in terms of appropriate dressed states2.
We experimentally study the resonance fluorescence from an excited two-level atom when the atomic upper level is coupled by a nonresonant field to a higher-lying state in a rubidium atomic beam. The heights, widths and positions of the fluorescence peaks can be controlled by modifying the detuning of the auxiliary field. We explain the observed spectrum with the transition properties of the dressed states generated by the coupling of the two laser fields. We also attribute the line narrowing to the effects of Spontaneously Generated Coherence between the close-lying levels in the dressed state picture generated by the auxiliary field. And the corresponding spectrum can be viewed as the evidence of Spontaneously Generated Coherence. The experimental results agree well with calculations based on the density-matrix equations.
We describe the resonance fluorescence spectrum of an atomic three-level system where two of the states are coupled by a single monochromatic laser field. The influence of the third energy level, which interacts with the two laser-coupled states only via radiative decays, is studied in detail. For a suitable choice of parameters, this system gives rise to a very narrow structure at the laser frequency in the fluorescence spectrum which is not present in the spectrum of a two-level atom. We find those parameter ranges by a numerical analysis and use the results to derive analytical expressions for the additional narrow peak. We also derive an exact expression for the peak intensity under the assumption that a random telegraph model is applicable to the system. This model and a simple spring model are then used to describe the physical origins of the additional peak. Using these results, we explain the connection between our system, a three-level system in the V configuration where both transitions are laser driven, and a related experiment that was recently reported.
The quadrature squeezing spectra in the resonance fluorescence of a V-type three-level atom driven by a coherent field and coupled to a single-mode cavity is investigated. For weak excitation, the fluorescence field exhibit squeezing in the out-of-phase quadrature. The coupling between the atom and the cavity mode can greatly enhance the squeezing centred at the laser frequency. More importantly, for strong excitation, under the effect of the cavity-atom coupling, the in-phase quadrature of fluorescence can exhibit two-mode squeezing at the two inner sideband frequencies. By working in the dressed-state representation and hiring secular approximation, we give an analytical explanation for the effect. The result shows, under appropriate conditions, the squeezing can be greatly enhanced by appropriately tuning the cavity resonant frequency.
The resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom interacting with a laser pulse is studied, following the short-pulse approximation. The authors demonstrate that an explicit expression of the energy spectrum in terms of atomic-state amplitudes holds also for an off-resonance excitation. Some analytically solvable cases are studied in detail, showing that the main spectral properties of the fluorescence emitted under adiabatic and non-adiabatic pulsed excitation can be easily described. For the first time the continuous dependence of the fluorescence spectrum on laser detuning is reported for a smooth pulse.