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Optics Express

Observation of the fluorescence spectrum for a driven cascade model system in atomic beam

Si-Cong Tian, Chun-Liang Wang, Cunzhu Tong, Lijun Wang, Hai-Hua Wang, Xiu-Bin Yang, Zhi‐Hui Kang, Jin-Yue Gao

Published Sep 28, 2012• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally study the resonance fluorescence from an excited two-level atom when the atomic upper level is coupled by a nonresonant field to a higher-lying state in a rubidium atomic beam. The heights, widths and positions of the fluorescence peaks can be controlled by modifying the detuning of the auxiliary field. We explain the observed spectrum with the transition properties of the dressed states generated by the coupling of the two laser fields. We also attribute the line narrowing to the effects of Spontaneously Generated Coherence between the close-lying levels in the dressed state picture generated by the auxiliary field. And the corresponding spectrum can be viewed as the evidence of Spontaneously Generated Coherence. The experimental results agree well with calculations based on the density-matrix equations.

DOI
10.1364/oe.20.023559

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We experimentally study the resonance fluorescence from an excited two-level atom when the atomic upper level is coupled by a nonresonant field to a higher-lying state in a rubidium atomic beam. The heights, widths and positions of the fluorescence peaks can be controlled by modifying the detuning of the auxiliary field. We explain the observed spectrum with the transition properties of the dressed states generated by the coupling of the two laser fields. We also attribute the line narrowing to the effects of Spontaneously Generated Coherence between the close-lying levels in the dressed state picture generated by the auxiliary field. And the corresponding spectrum can be viewed as the evidence of Spontaneously Generated Coherence. The experimental results agree well with calculations based on the density-matrix equations.
We investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum of an atomic three-level ladder system driven by two laser fields.We show that such a system emulates to a large degree a V-type atom with parallel dipole moments-the latter being a system that exhibits spontaneously generated coherence and can display ultrasharp spectral lines.We find a suitable energy scheme in a 85Rb atom and experimentally observe the narrowing of the central peak in a rubidium atomic beam.The corresponding spectrum can convincingly demonstrate the existence of spontaneously generated coherence.
We investigate the resonance fluorescence spectrum of an atomic three-level ladder system driven by two laser fields. We show that such a system emulates to a large degree a V-type atom with parallel dipole moments-the latter being a system that exhibits spontaneously generated coherence and can display ultrasharp spectral lines. We find a suitable energy scheme in a 85 Rb atom and experimentally observe the narrowing of the central peak in a rubidium atomic beam. The corresponding spectrum can convincingly demonstrate the existence of spontaneously generated coherence.
We study the resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven four-level atom in the Y-type configuration. The effects of quantum interference induced by spontaneous emission on the fluorescence properties of the atom are investigated. It is found that the quantum interference resulting from cascade emission decays of the atom leads to a splitting of resonances in the excited-level populations calculated as a function of light detuning. For some parameters, interference-assisted enhancement of inner sidebands and narrowing of central peaks may also occur in the fluorescence spectrum. We present a physical understanding of our numerical results using the dressed-state description of the atom-light interaction.
Resonance fluorescence of two two-level atoms driven by a coherent laser field propagating parallel to the interatomic axis is examined, taking into account the dipole-dipole interaction. We show that the number of peaks in the fluorescence intensity depends on the direction of observation with respect to the interatomic axis and on whether the system is driven by a standing-wave or a running-wave laser field. When the system is driven by the standing-wave field the fluorescence intensity shows two peaks and a dip for an observation direction perpendicular to the interatomic axis and three peaks in the direction parallel to it. When the system is driven by the running-wave field only two peaks are observed for the perpendicular direction. We explain these features in terms of the collective states of the system and show that the directional effect can be attributed to the fact that the antisymmetric state of the system does not radiate in the direction perpendicular to the interatomic axis. Photon statistics also demonstrate the directional effect for the standing-wave field. Frequency regimes are found where sub-Poissonian photon statistics occur. Depending on the direction of the observation, a state close to a Fock state can occur for one or two frequencies of the driving field, corresponding to zero-photon-number fluctuations or maximum sub-Poissonian behavior. The fluorescence spectrum is found to depend on the direction of observation and the interatomic separation. For small interatomic separations and a standing-wave driving field the spectrum exhibits seven lines for the perpendicular direction and 13 lines in the direction parallel to the interatomic axis. For the running-wave field the spectrum shows 13 lines independent of the direction of observation. Moreover, we show that for particular interatomic separations dark regimes appear in the spectrum. We discuss the effect of the dipole-dipole interaction on the dark states and explain the spectral features in terms of the dressed-atom model. We also consider the absorption spectrum of a weak probe beam illuminating the two-atom system. We show that apart from a weak dispersion structure, the spectrum shows large peaks as one of the atoms is moved to successive nodes of the field.
We experimentally investigate the transient dynamics of two-level atoms driven by a bichromatic optical excitation field when the bichromatic field is configured to contain a strong resonant component and a weaker nonresonant perturber component. We concentrate on the experimental situation in which the two-level atoms are prepared in an eigenstate (dressed state) of the coupled atom-resonant field system prior to exposure to the perturber field. We experimentally demonstrate perturber-field-induced, optical nutation of the dressed-state populations. We show how nutation of the dressed-state populations manifests itself in the fluorescence signal of the transiently driven atoms. We observe that the detuning of the perturber field from transitions between the dressed states of the atom-resonant field system plays the same role in determining the character of the dressed-state optical nutation as the atom-field detuning in the case of the ordinary optical nutation of atomic populations. Our experiments demonstrate the utility of the dressed-atom picture in understanding the complex dynamics of bichromatically driven atoms in a variety of circumstances.
A dressed-atom approach to resonance fluorescence in intense laser fields is presented. Simple and general results are derived which include the now well known predictions concerning two-level atoms but are not restricted to such simple cases. The positions of the various components of the fluorescence and absorption spectra are given by the allowed Bohr frequencies of the total system: atom+laser mode (dressed atom). The master equation, describing spontaneous emission from the dressed atom is solved in the limit of high intensities. Simple expressions, taking into account the effect of cascades, are derived for the widths of the components.