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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Spectral characteristics of a two-level atom driven by coherent and stochastic fields

Patrick A. Berry, S. Swain

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Summary form only given. The problem of an atom driven by a strong laser was first investigated theoretically in 1969 by B.R. Mollow. He discovered that the resonance fluorescence spectrum has a three-peaked structure with the central peak being more pronounced than the two side peaks. The common Mollow triplet fluorescence pattern can be altered in many ways, by making adjustments to the system. The system can be placed in a squeezed vacuum, the atom can be placed in a cavity, or a bichromatic field can be used instead of a monochromatic laser. These alterations all have an effect on the resulting resonance fluorescence and probe absorption spectra. Other interesting modifications occur when the atom interacts with a stochastic field as well as a laser. The previous approaches were numerical. Here we also obtain analytic solutions (in certain limits) which provide additional insight.

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Summary form only given. The problem of an atom driven by a strong laser was first investigated theoretically in 1969 by B.R. Mollow. He discovered that the resonance fluorescence spectrum has a three-peaked structure with the central peak being more pronounced than the two side peaks. The common Mollow triplet fluorescence pattern can be altered in many ways, by making adjustments to the system. The system can be placed in a squeezed vacuum, the atom can be placed in a cavity, or a bichromatic field can be used instead of a monochromatic laser. These alterations all have an effect on the resulting resonance fluorescence and probe absorption spectra. Other interesting modifications occur when the atom interacts with a stochastic field as well as a laser. The previous approaches were numerical. Here we also obtain analytic solutions (in certain limits) which provide additional insight.
The steady-state populations, the fluorescent intensity-intensity correlation function, and the resonance fluorescence and absorption spectra of a two-level atom bichromatically driven by a strong, coherent field and a weak, stochastic field with tunable carrier frequency and wide bandwidth are investigated analytically. Surprisingly, the population is inverted if the stochastic field is appropriately detuned from the coherent field, which is assumed resonant with the atomic transition. The resonance fluorescence spectrum still displays a three-peaked structure, but with linewidths and heights that depend upon the frequency and bandwidth of the stochastic field as well as the intensities of both fields. Asymmetric fluorescence spectra are found when the coherent field is detuned from the atomic resonance frequency. The intensity-intensity correlation function varies dramatically with the carrier frequency of the stochastic field. For appropriate choices of the parameters, the fluorescent emission of the atom is antibunched for all time. The absorption spectral features also deviate significantly from those of the monochromatically driven atom. By appropriately tuning the stochastic field, one finds that a sharp peak (absorption) or hole (gain) can occur at line center and the probe beam can be amplified at either the lower-frequency Rabi sideband or the higher-frequency sideband and the inversionless gain can be enhanced.
Fluorescence from a coherently driven two-level atom that is damped by a squeezed vacuum is studied. We show that the mean atomic polarization depends on the relative phases of the squeezed vacuum and the coherent driving field. The fluorescent spectrum is calculated and shows several modifications over the spectrum for normal resonance fluorescence. In particular, the central peak of the Mollow triplet has a linewidth that depends on the phase of the driving field. For strong squeezing this peak can either be much narrower or much broader than the natural linewidth of the atom.
We present numerical and analytical results for the Mollow probe absorption spectrum of a coherently driven two-level system in a narrow bandwidth squeezed vacuum field. The spectra are calculated for the case where the Rabi frequency of the driving field is much larger than the natural linewidth and the squeezed vacuum carrier frequency is detuned from the driving laser frequency. The driving laser is on resonance. We show that in a detuned squeezed vacuum the standard Mollow features are each split into triplets. The central components of each triplet are weakly dependent on the squeezing phase but the sidebands strongly depend on the phase and can have dispersive or absorptive/emissive profiles. We also derive approximate analytical expressions for the spectral features and find that the multi-peak structure of the spectrum can be interpreted either via the eigenfrequencies of a generalized Floquet Hamiltonian or in terms of three-photon transitions between dressed states involving a probe field photon and a correlated photon pair from the squeezed vacuum field.
We describe the resonance fluorescence spectrum of an atomic three-level system where two of the states are coupled by a single monochromatic laser field. The influence of the third energy level, which interacts with the two laser-coupled states only via radiative decays, is studied in detail. For a suitable choice of parameters, this system gives rise to a very narrow structure at the laser frequency in the fluorescence spectrum which is not present in the spectrum of a two-level atom. We find those parameter ranges by a numerical analysis and use the results to derive analytical expressions for the additional narrow peak. We also derive an exact expression for the peak intensity under the assumption that a random telegraph model is applicable to the system. This model and a simple spring model are then used to describe the physical origins of the additional peak. Using these results, we explain the connection between our system, a three-level system in the V configuration where both transitions are laser driven, and a related experiment that was recently reported.
The dynamics of a strongly driven two-level atom are examined for the case that the atom is coupled to a ``two-mode'' squeezed vacuum. The source of squeezed light is taken to be a (frequency) nondegenerate parametric oscillator. We consider the situation in which the Rabi sidebands produced by the coherent driving field coincide with the spectral peaks of the parametric oscillator. Approximate analytical results are presented and checked against numerical simulations of the exact equations. For a suitable choice of relative phase, all three spectral lines in the fluorescence triplet are found to exhibit subnatural linewidths. Significant modifications to the fluorescence spectrum are also possible with a nonzero laser-atom detuning.