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Physical Review Letters

Resonance fluorescence from an atom in a squeezed vacuum

H. J. Carmichael, Alistair S. Lane, Daniel F. Walls

Published Jun 15, 1987• 283 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The fluorescent spectrum for a two-level atom which is damped by a squeezed vacuum shows striking differences from the spectrum for ordinary resonance fluorescence. For strong coherent driving fields the Mollow triplet depends on the relative phase of the driving field and the squeezed vacuum field. The central peak may have either subnatural linewidth or supernatural linewidth depending on this phase. The mean atomic polarization also shows a phase sensitivity.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.58.2539

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The fluorescent spectrum for a two-level atom which is damped by a squeezed vacuum shows striking differences from the spectrum for ordinary resonance fluorescence. For strong coherent driving fields the Mollow triplet depends on the relative phase of the driving field and the squeezed vacuum field. The central peak may have either subnatural linewidth or supernatural linewidth depending on this phase. The mean atomic polarization also shows a phase sensitivity.
Fluorescence from a coherently driven two-level atom that is damped by a squeezed vacuum is studied. We show that the mean atomic polarization depends on the relative phases of the squeezed vacuum and the coherent driving field. The fluorescent spectrum is calculated and shows several modifications over the spectrum for normal resonance fluorescence. In particular, the central peak of the Mollow triplet has a linewidth that depends on the phase of the driving field. For strong squeezing this peak can either be much narrower or much broader than the natural linewidth of the atom.
The time-dependent fluorescence spectrum from a strongly driven two-level atom damped by a broadband-squeezed vacuum is obtained analytically using the counting-rate definition of Eberly and Wodkiewicz [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 1252 (1977)] and employing the high-field approximation. The spectrum shows considerable modifications compared to the corresponding time-dependent spectrum in a normal vacuum. It is now dependent on the relative phase between the squeezed vacuum field and the coherent driving field. In particular, the time development of the central peak of the Mollow triplet (which is known to show a phase-dependent linewidth in the steady state) is discussed. The effects of detuning on the spectrum are also presented.
The authors investigate the dipole-dipole interaction role in the resonance fluorescence of two identical two-level atoms, which are confined to a region much smaller than the resonant wavelength and which are damped by a squeezed vacuum. The spectrum consists of seven or five lines, depending on the relative phase between the driving field and the squeezed vacuum, whereas the spectrum without the dipole-dipole interaction displays three lines. The widths of these lines depend on the parameters of the squeezed vacuum and can be subnatural or supernatural depending on the phase. The central line and additional sidebands at double the Rabi frequency can have intensities larger than in the normal vacuum but the intensities of lines at one Rabi frequency are always less than in the normal vacuum.
Atom radiation in a squeezed thermal reservoir is studied. We show that, as in the case of a squeezed vacuum reservoir, the two quadratures of the atomic polarization are damped at different rates. When the atom is driven by a coherent field, we find that the steady-state polarization depends on the relative phase of the squeezing and the driving field. However, this phase dependence becomes less pronounced when the number of thermal photons increases. The fluorescent spectrum is calculated in the strong-driving-field limit by employing the secular approximation. Properties of the spectrum and the possibility of a subnatural linewidth are investigated.
We present an experimental realization of resonance fluorescence in squeezed vacuum.We strongly couple microwave-frequency squeezed light to a superconducting artificial atom and detect the resulting fluorescence with high resolution enabled by a broadband traveling-wave parametric amplifier.We investigate the fluorescence spectra in the weak and strong driving regimes, observing up to 3.1 dB of reduction of the fluorescence linewidth below the ordinary vacuum level and a dramatic dependence of the Mollow triplet spectrum on the relative phase of the driving and squeezed vacuum fields.Our results are in excellent agreement with predictions for spectra produced by a two-level atom in squeezed vacuum [Phys.Rev. Lett.58, 2539 (1987)], demonstrating that resonance fluorescence offers a resource-efficient means to characterize squeezing in cryogenic environments.
We present an experimental realization of resonance fluorescence in squeezed vacuum.We strongly couple microwave-frequency squeezed light to a superconducting artificial atom and detect the resulting fluorescence with high resolution enabled by a broadband traveling-wave parametric amplifier.We investigate the fluorescence spectra in the weak and strong driving regimes, observing up to 3.1 dB of reduction of the fluorescence linewidth below the ordinary vacuum level and a dramatic dependence of the Mollow triplet spectrum on the relative phase of the driving and squeezed vacuum fields.Our results are in excellent agreement with predictions for spectra produced by a two-level atom in squeezed vacuum [Phys.Rev. Lett.58, 2539 (1987)], demonstrating that resonance fluorescence offers a resource-efficient means to characterize squeezing in cryogenic environments.