Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review

Level-Crossing Spectroscopy with an Electric Field: Stark Shift of the 3P2 Term in Lithium

B. Budick, S. Marcus, Robert Novick

Published Nov 15, 1965• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The method of level-crossing spectroscopy has been extended to a study of the Stark effect on the $3P$ term of lithium. Lithium atoms in a broad atomic beam are subjected to collinear electric and magnetic fields. The field values required to produce a level crossing or degeneracy are determined by observing the change in the angular distribution of the fluorescence resulting from the optical excitation of the $3P$ term. The magnetic field required to produce the crossing is found to shift to higher values as the electric field is applied. The shift increases as the square of the electric field and is given by $\ensuremath{\Delta}H=+0.056(11){E}^{2}$, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}H$ is in gauss and $E$ is in kilovolts per centimeter. The coefficient is in good agreement with the value 0.048 obtained from second-order perturbation theory and the Bates and Damgaard approximation.

DOI
10.1103/physrev.140.a1041

Related papers

The low-field stark effect of hydrogen, n=2

K J Kollath

The nonlinear low-field Stark effect in the level n=2 of hydrogen has been investigated. \nThe experiment employed the level crossing technique, measuring the position of the crossings between the Zeeman states: \n2P3/2, mj=-3/2 and 2P1/2, mj=1/2; and \n2P3/2, mj=-3/2 and 2S1/2, mj=1/2; \nas the electric field was varied from 0 to 500 kV/m. \nA beam of atomic hydrogen, produced by thermal dissociation, was subjected to parallel electric and magnetic fields. Lymman –α (Lyα) resonance radiation was generated in an electrodeless microwave discharge lamp. The profile of the Lyα line emitted by the lamp has been investigated experimentally. \nThe level crossings were detected as changes of the Lyα resonance fluorescence intensity observed in a certain direction. The crossing positions were determined from the observed crossing signals of Lorentzian profile by a least squares computer programme. \nThe experimental results for the crossing positions as afuction of the electric field have been compared with theoretical calculations. The theoretical values were obtained by numerical diagonalization of the matrix of the eigenstates |2ℓjFmF> for perturbation by combined electric and magnetic fields. Radiative corrections were included. \nTheoretical values and experimental results agreo within the experimental uncertainties of 2%.

•Jan 1, 1974•0 citations

Ein Level-Crossing-Experiment im angeregten (5p1/2 5d5/2)J=2-Term des Sn I zur Untersuchung der Energieverschiebungen im elektrischen Feld / Level-Crossing Experiment in the Excited (5p1/25d5/2)J=2-State of the Sn I for the Investigation of the Energy Shifts in an Electric Field

P. Zimmermann

Observing the change of the Hanle effect under the influence of a homogeneous electric field E the Stark effect of the (5p1/25d5/2)j=2-state in Sn I was studied. Due to the tensorial part β Jz 2E2 in the Hamiltonian of the second order Stark effect the signal of the zero field crossing (M ∓ 2, M′ = 0 β ≷ 0 ) is shifted to the magnetic field H with gJμBH=2 | β | E2. From these shifts for different electric field strengths the value of the Stark parameter |β| = 0.21(2) MHz/(kV/cm)2 · gJ/1.13 was deduced. A theoretical value of ß using Coulomb wave functions is discussed.

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A•May 1, 1970•1 citation

Electric-Field Level-Crossing Spectroscopy

Abbas Khadjavi, W. Happer, Allen Lurio

Differential Stark effect in second excited state of alkali metal atoms described, using electric field level crossing spectroscopy

Physical Review Letters•Aug 29, 1966•19 citations

Doppler-free Stark spectroscopy of the second excited level of atomic hydrogen for measurements of electric fields

M. Gemisic Adamov, Andreas Steiger, Klaus Grutzmacher +1 more

The Stark splitting of the second excited level of atomic hydrogen (with principal quantum number $n=3$) has been measured by pulsed laser spectroscopy in order to determine small electric fields by optical means. Doppler-free excitation with two counterpropagating laser beams at $205\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ allows us to measure the $n=3$ Stark spectra either by an optogalvanic signal after ionization by a third laser photon or by detection of the Balmer-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ fluorescence photons emitted by the excited atoms. Three different cases of laser polarization have been investigated in order to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of this one-step laser excitation method for electric field determination, especially at field strengths below $200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}$. The method provides the best field sensitivity achieved with lower excited levels that can be reached directly by two-photon absorption from the ground state (in contrast to the more sensitive Rydberg levels). For this purpose, an advanced tunable pulsed uv laser with narrow bandwidth almost at the Fourier limit has been used. The high spectral resolution allowed us to deduce electric field strengths as small as $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}$ from the frequency shift between two selected isolated Stark components. As a main advantage, this simple analysis of the measured spectra does not rely on knowledge of the line intensities which may be strongly affected by the measuring conditions.

Physical Review A•Jan 11, 2007•15 citations

Stark effect in atomic helium in a very high electric field up to 1500 kV/cm

Laurentius Windholz, Ryszard Drozdowski, Jerzy Kwela +1 more

In the spectral range between 480 nm and 630 nm the Stark effect of the transitions n1Q-21S, n1Q-21P and n3Q-23P(n=3÷9, Q=S, P,...) was studied using electric field up to 1500 kV/cm. For such a high field the Stark splitting becomes greater than the simple structure of the atom. Hence, anticrossings of the Stark components of the same magnetic quantum number occur. The experimental results have been compared with the theoretically determined shifts. The results of caluclations show good agreement with observation not only for low field values, but also in high fields and in case of level anticrossings.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 18, 2003•2 citations

Stark Effect Investigation of the Third Excited2P3/2Levels in the First Spectra of Rb87and Cs133

Sune R. Svanberg

Using the level crossing technique with parallel magnetic and electric fields the tensor polarizability of the 7 p 2 P 3/2 level in Rb 87 and the 8 p 2 P 3/2 level in Cs 133 was measured with the results α 2 (7 p 2 P 3/2 Rb 87 ) = -3.2 (2) MHz (kV/cm) 2 and α 2 (8 p 2 P 3/2 Rb 133 ) = -7.6 (3) MHz (kV/cm) 2 Theoretical values, calculated with the Coulomb approximation of Bates and Damgaard, agree very well with the experimental results.

Physica Scripta•Mar 1, 1972•14 citations
The method of level-crossing spectroscopy has been extended to a study of the Stark effect on the 3P3P3P term of lithium. Lithium atoms in a broad atomic beam are subjected to collinear electric and magnetic fields. The field values required to produce a level crossing or degeneracy are determined by observing the change in the angular distribution of the fluorescence resulting from the optical excitation of the 3P3P3P term. The magnetic field required to produce the crossing is found to shift to higher values as the electric field is applied. The shift increases as the square of the electric field and is given by \ensuremathΔH=+0.056(11)E2\ensuremath{\Delta}H=+0.056(11){E}^{2}\ensuremathΔH=+0.056(11)E2, where \ensuremathΔH\ensuremath{\Delta}H\ensuremathΔH is in gauss and EEE is in kilovolts per centimeter. The coefficient is in good agreement with the value 0.048 obtained from second-order perturbation theory and the Bates and Damgaard approximation.
The nonlinear low-field Stark effect in the level n=2 of hydrogen has been investigated. \nThe experiment employed the level crossing technique, measuring the position of the crossings between the Zeeman states: \n2P3/2, mj=-3/2 and 2P1/2, mj=1/2; and \n2P3/2, mj=-3/2 and 2S1/2, mj=1/2; \nas the electric field was varied from 0 to 500 kV/m. \nA beam of atomic hydrogen, produced by thermal dissociation, was subjected to parallel electric and magnetic fields. Lymman –α (Lyα) resonance radiation was generated in an electrodeless microwave discharge lamp. The profile of the Lyα line emitted by the lamp has been investigated experimentally. \nThe level crossings were detected as changes of the Lyα resonance fluorescence intensity observed in a certain direction. The crossing positions were determined from the observed crossing signals of Lorentzian profile by a least squares computer programme. \nThe experimental results for the crossing positions as afuction of the electric field have been compared with theoretical calculations. The theoretical values were obtained by numerical diagonalization of the matrix of the eigenstates |2ℓjFmF> for perturbation by combined electric and magnetic fields. Radiative corrections were included. \nTheoretical values and experimental results agreo within the experimental uncertainties of 2%.
Observing the change of the Hanle effect under the influence of a homogeneous electric field E the Stark effect of the (5p1/25d5/2)j=2-state in Sn I was studied. Due to the tensorial part β Jz 2E2 in the Hamiltonian of the second order Stark effect the signal of the zero field crossing (M ∓ 2, M′ = 0 β ≷ 0 ) is shifted to the magnetic field H with gJμBH=2 | β | E2. From these shifts for different electric field strengths the value of the Stark parameter |β| = 0.21(2) MHz/(kV/cm)2 · gJ/1.13 was deduced. A theoretical value of ß using Coulomb wave functions is discussed.
The Stark splitting of the second excited level of atomic hydrogen (with principal quantum number n=3n=3n=3) has been measured by pulsed laser spectroscopy in order to determine small electric fields by optical means. Doppler-free excitation with two counterpropagating laser beams at 205nm205\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}205nm allows us to measure the n=3n=3n=3 Stark spectra either by an optogalvanic signal after ionization by a third laser photon or by detection of the Balmer-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ fluorescence photons emitted by the excited atoms. Three different cases of laser polarization have been investigated in order to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of this one-step laser excitation method for electric field determination, especially at field strengths below 200V∕cm200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}200V∕cm. The method provides the best field sensitivity achieved with lower excited levels that can be reached directly by two-photon absorption from the ground state (in contrast to the more sensitive Rydberg levels). For this purpose, an advanced tunable pulsed uv laser with narrow bandwidth almost at the Fourier limit has been used. The high spectral resolution allowed us to deduce electric field strengths as small as 50V∕cm50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}50V∕cm from the frequency shift between two selected isolated Stark components. As a main advantage, this simple analysis of the measured spectra does not rely on knowledge of the line intensities which may be strongly affected by the measuring conditions.
In the spectral range between 480 nm and 630 nm the Stark effect of the transitions n1Q-21S, n1Q-21P and n3Q-23P(n=3÷9, Q=S, P,...) was studied using electric field up to 1500 kV/cm. For such a high field the Stark splitting becomes greater than the simple structure of the atom. Hence, anticrossings of the Stark components of the same magnetic quantum number occur. The experimental results have been compared with the theoretically determined shifts. The results of caluclations show good agreement with observation not only for low field values, but also in high fields and in case of level anticrossings.