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Physica Scripta

Stark Effect Investigation of the Third Excited2P3/2Levels in the First Spectra of Rb87and Cs133

Sune R. Svanberg

Published Mar 1, 1972• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using the level crossing technique with parallel magnetic and electric fields the tensor polarizability of the 7 p 2 P 3/2 level in Rb 87 and the 8 p 2 P 3/2 level in Cs 133 was measured with the results α 2 (7 p 2 P 3/2 Rb 87 ) = -3.2 (2) MHz (kV/cm) 2 and α 2 (8 p 2 P 3/2 Rb 133 ) = -7.6 (3) MHz (kV/cm) 2 Theoretical values, calculated with the Coulomb approximation of Bates and Damgaard, agree very well with the experimental results.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/5/3/007

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Stark Effect Investigation of D States in85Rb and133Cs Using Level Crossing Spectroscopy with a CW Dye Laser

W. Hogervorst, Sune R. Svanberg

Stark effect investigations in the 6, 7 and 82D3/2,5/2levels of85Rb and the 8, 9 and 102D3/2,5/2levels of133Cs were performed with the level crossing technique. The levels were populated in a two-step excitation process, involving a CW tunable dye laser. The tensor polarizability of all states was measured and a good agreement with theoretical values, obtained with the Coulomb approximation, is found. Furthermore, the signs of the dipole interaction constants, determined to absolute value in earlier experiments, could be inferred. The sign was found to be positive for the2D3/2states and negative for the2D5/2states, indicating strong polarization effects in the magnetic hyperfine interaction.

Physica Scripta•Jul 1, 1975•49 citations

Hyperfine Interaction, Zeeman and Stark Effects for Excited States in Rubidium

G Belin, Lennarth Holmgren, Sune R. Svanberg

Highly excitedPandDstates in87Rb were examined using a two-step excitation procedure. A conventional rf lamp and a CW dye laser were used for the first and second step, respectively. The following results for the magnetic dipole interaction constanta, the electric quadrupole interaction constantb, the LandégJfactor, and the tensor polarizability α2were obtained in level-crossing and optical-double-resonance experiments: 92P3/2:a= 4.05(3) MHz,b=0.55(3) MHz,gJ= 1.3335(15) 102P3/2:a= 2.60(8) MHz,gJ= 1.3332(20) 82D3/2:a= 2.840(15) MHz,b= 0.17(2) MHz 82D5/2:a= -1.20(15) MHz,gJ= 1.1998(15) 92D3/2:a= 1.900(10) MHz,b= 0.11(3) MHz 92D5/2:a= (-)0.80(15) MHz,gJ= 1.1995(15), α2= 180.3(9.0) MHz/(kV/cm)2 Many-body calculations of the hyperfine structure of Rb have been performed. The polarization effect is included to all orders, whereas the correlation effect is omitted. The negativeafactors for the2D5/2states, indicating large perturbations, are explained by the polarization contribution. A review of experimental hyperfine interaction constants, LandégJfactors and tensor polarizabilities for rubidium is given together with theoretical values of theafactors. The quadrupole moment for87Rb is obtained from thebfactors for the2P3/2and2D3/2states, using quadrupole parameters from the many-body calculations. The correlation effect is included in a semi-empirical way.

Physica Scripta•Jun 1, 1976•35 citations

Stark Effect of the RubidiumD2 Line Studied by High-Resolution Laser Spectroscopy

Masayuki Kawamura, Wei-Guo Jin, Nobuyuki Takahashi +1 more

The Stark effect of the 5 s 2 S 1/2 –5 p 2 P 3/2 transition ( D 2 line) of Rb has been studied by high-resolution atomic-beam laser spectroscopy. The splittings of magnetic sublevels of 5 p 2 P 3/2 have been resolved, and the Stark shifts and splittings of the D 2 line have been measured at various electric fields. The scalar polarizability of the D 2 line and the tensor polarizability of the 5 p 2 P 3/2 level have been determined to be α s (5 p 2 P 3/2 ) - α s (5 s 2 S 1/2 ) = 136.95(89) kHz/(kV/cm) 2 and α t (5 p 2 P 3/2 ) = -40.91(38) kHz/(kV/cm) 2 , respectively, by considering the mixing between hyperfine structure levels of 5 p 2 P 3/2 . The precision of α t (5 p 2 P 3/2 ) has been improved by a factor of 2 compared with the previously reported values.

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan•Dec 10, 2009•7 citations

Ein Level-Crossing-Experiment im angeregten (5p1/2 5d5/2)J=2-Term des Sn I zur Untersuchung der Energieverschiebungen im elektrischen Feld / Level-Crossing Experiment in the Excited (5p1/25d5/2)J=2-State of the Sn I for the Investigation of the Energy Shifts in an Electric Field

P. Zimmermann

Observing the change of the Hanle effect under the influence of a homogeneous electric field E the Stark effect of the (5p1/25d5/2)j=2-state in Sn I was studied. Due to the tensorial part β Jz 2E2 in the Hamiltonian of the second order Stark effect the signal of the zero field crossing (M ∓ 2, M′ = 0 β ≷ 0 ) is shifted to the magnetic field H with gJμBH=2 | β | E2. From these shifts for different electric field strengths the value of the Stark parameter |β| = 0.21(2) MHz/(kV/cm)2 · gJ/1.13 was deduced. A theoretical value of ß using Coulomb wave functions is discussed.

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A•May 1, 1970•1 citation

Stark-Effekt-Untersuchung der Hyperfeinstruktur des 3 2P3/2-Zustands von Natrium mit der Level-crossing-Methode / Stark-Effect Investigation of the Hyperfine Structure of the 3 2P3/2-State of Sodium by Level-Crossing-Method

D. Zimmermann

Abstract The level-crossing-method has been used for an investigation of the hyperfine structure of the first excited 3 2P3/2-state of sodium applying an additional electric field parallel to the usual mag. netic field. By means of a detailed analysis of the measured change in intensity of the scattered fluorescence light due to the electric field the constant β of the quadratic Stark-effect of the 3 2P3/2-state of sodium was deduced to be β= (10.8± 1.2) kc/s·(kV/cm)2. The experimental result will be discussed with respect to a determination of upper and lower limits for oscillator strengths of transitions between the 3 2P3/2-state and S-states in the sodium spectrum.

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A•Feb 1, 1970•5 citations

Level-Crossing Spectroscopy with an Electric Field: Stark Shift of the 3P2 Term in Lithium

B. Budick, S. Marcus, Robert Novick

The method of level-crossing spectroscopy has been extended to a study of the Stark effect on the $3P$ term of lithium. Lithium atoms in a broad atomic beam are subjected to collinear electric and magnetic fields. The field values required to produce a level crossing or degeneracy are determined by observing the change in the angular distribution of the fluorescence resulting from the optical excitation of the $3P$ term. The magnetic field required to produce the crossing is found to shift to higher values as the electric field is applied. The shift increases as the square of the electric field and is given by $\ensuremath{\Delta}H=+0.056(11){E}^{2}$, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}H$ is in gauss and $E$ is in kilovolts per centimeter. The coefficient is in good agreement with the value 0.048 obtained from second-order perturbation theory and the Bates and Damgaard approximation.

Physical Review•Nov 15, 1965•16 citations
Using the level crossing technique with parallel magnetic and electric fields the tensor polarizability of the 7 p 2 P 3/2 level in Rb 87 and the 8 p 2 P 3/2 level in Cs 133 was measured with the results α 2 (7 p 2 P 3/2 Rb 87 ) = -3.2 (2) MHz (kV/cm) 2 and α 2 (8 p 2 P 3/2 Rb 133 ) = -7.6 (3) MHz (kV/cm) 2 Theoretical values, calculated with the Coulomb approximation of Bates and Damgaard, agree very well with the experimental results.
Stark effect investigations in the 6, 7 and 82D3/2,5/2levels of85Rb and the 8, 9 and 102D3/2,5/2levels of133Cs were performed with the level crossing technique. The levels were populated in a two-step excitation process, involving a CW tunable dye laser. The tensor polarizability of all states was measured and a good agreement with theoretical values, obtained with the Coulomb approximation, is found. Furthermore, the signs of the dipole interaction constants, determined to absolute value in earlier experiments, could be inferred. The sign was found to be positive for the2D3/2states and negative for the2D5/2states, indicating strong polarization effects in the magnetic hyperfine interaction.
Highly excitedPandDstates in87Rb were examined using a two-step excitation procedure. A conventional rf lamp and a CW dye laser were used for the first and second step, respectively. The following results for the magnetic dipole interaction constanta, the electric quadrupole interaction constantb, the LandégJfactor, and the tensor polarizability α2were obtained in level-crossing and optical-double-resonance experiments: 92P3/2:a= 4.05(3) MHz,b=0.55(3) MHz,gJ= 1.3335(15) 102P3/2:a= 2.60(8) MHz,gJ= 1.3332(20) 82D3/2:a= 2.840(15) MHz,b= 0.17(2) MHz 82D5/2:a= -1.20(15) MHz,gJ= 1.1998(15) 92D3/2:a= 1.900(10) MHz,b= 0.11(3) MHz 92D5/2:a= (-)0.80(15) MHz,gJ= 1.1995(15), α2= 180.3(9.0) MHz/(kV/cm)2 Many-body calculations of the hyperfine structure of Rb have been performed. The polarization effect is included to all orders, whereas the correlation effect is omitted. The negativeafactors for the2D5/2states, indicating large perturbations, are explained by the polarization contribution. A review of experimental hyperfine interaction constants, LandégJfactors and tensor polarizabilities for rubidium is given together with theoretical values of theafactors. The quadrupole moment for87Rb is obtained from thebfactors for the2P3/2and2D3/2states, using quadrupole parameters from the many-body calculations. The correlation effect is included in a semi-empirical way.
The Stark effect of the 5 s 2 S 1/2 –5 p 2 P 3/2 transition ( D 2 line) of Rb has been studied by high-resolution atomic-beam laser spectroscopy. The splittings of magnetic sublevels of 5 p 2 P 3/2 have been resolved, and the Stark shifts and splittings of the D 2 line have been measured at various electric fields. The scalar polarizability of the D 2 line and the tensor polarizability of the 5 p 2 P 3/2 level have been determined to be α s (5 p 2 P 3/2 ) - α s (5 s 2 S 1/2 ) = 136.95(89) kHz/(kV/cm) 2 and α t (5 p 2 P 3/2 ) = -40.91(38) kHz/(kV/cm) 2 , respectively, by considering the mixing between hyperfine structure levels of 5 p 2 P 3/2 . The precision of α t (5 p 2 P 3/2 ) has been improved by a factor of 2 compared with the previously reported values.
Observing the change of the Hanle effect under the influence of a homogeneous electric field E the Stark effect of the (5p1/25d5/2)j=2-state in Sn I was studied. Due to the tensorial part β Jz 2E2 in the Hamiltonian of the second order Stark effect the signal of the zero field crossing (M ∓ 2, M′ = 0 β ≷ 0 ) is shifted to the magnetic field H with gJμBH=2 | β | E2. From these shifts for different electric field strengths the value of the Stark parameter |β| = 0.21(2) MHz/(kV/cm)2 · gJ/1.13 was deduced. A theoretical value of ß using Coulomb wave functions is discussed.
Abstract The level-crossing-method has been used for an investigation of the hyperfine structure of the first excited 3 2P3/2-state of sodium applying an additional electric field parallel to the usual mag. netic field. By means of a detailed analysis of the measured change in intensity of the scattered fluorescence light due to the electric field the constant β of the quadratic Stark-effect of the 3 2P3/2-state of sodium was deduced to be β= (10.8± 1.2) kc/s·(kV/cm)2. The experimental result will be discussed with respect to a determination of upper and lower limits for oscillator strengths of transitions between the 3 2P3/2-state and S-states in the sodium spectrum.
The method of level-crossing spectroscopy has been extended to a study of the Stark effect on the 3P3P3P term of lithium. Lithium atoms in a broad atomic beam are subjected to collinear electric and magnetic fields. The field values required to produce a level crossing or degeneracy are determined by observing the change in the angular distribution of the fluorescence resulting from the optical excitation of the 3P3P3P term. The magnetic field required to produce the crossing is found to shift to higher values as the electric field is applied. The shift increases as the square of the electric field and is given by $\ensuremath{\Delta}H=+0.056(11){E}^{2}$, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}H$ is in gauss and EEE is in kilovolts per centimeter. The coefficient is in good agreement with the value 0.048 obtained from second-order perturbation theory and the Bates and Damgaard approximation.