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Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

Phase control of amplitude-fluctuation-induced bistability

Xiangming Hu, Zhizhan Xu

Published Mar 14, 2001• 59 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present phase control of the fluctuation-induced bistability in the three-level Λ-type system where a weak, amplitude-fluctuating component and a strong coherent component are used as a control field. With the addition of the stochastic component, optical bistability can be produced even if detunings of the probe and control fields from corresponding atomic transition frequencies are equal; without the addition, the medium is transparent to the input light. Depending on the relative phase between the stochastic and coherent parts, bistability appears or disappears and the threshold intensity is raised or lowered.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/3/2/303

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We present phase control of the fluctuation-induced bistability in the three-level Λ-type system where a weak, amplitude-fluctuating component and a strong coherent component are used as a control field. With the addition of the stochastic component, optical bistability can be produced even if detunings of the probe and control fields from corresponding atomic transition frequencies are equal; without the addition, the medium is transparent to the input light. Depending on the relative phase between the stochastic and coherent parts, bistability appears or disappears and the threshold intensity is raised or lowered.
We analyze the hybrid absorptive-dispersive optical bistability (OB) behavior in an open Λ-type three-level atomic system by using a microwave field to drive the hyperfine transition between two lower states, along with the consideration of incoherent pumping and spontaneously generated coherence. Different from the closed system, we show that the bistable threshold intensity and related hysteresis loop can be controlled by adjusting the ratio between atomic injection and exit rates. More interestingly, the appearance and disappearance of OB can be transformed mutually by varying the relative phase of three coherent fields under the condition of a strong spontaneously generated coherence. The manipulation of OB behavior through the intensity of the microwave field and the atomic cooperation parameter is also analyzed.
We study the dependence of absorption and dispersion spectra on amplitudes and phases of the driving fields in multiple electromagnetically induced transparency. For this purpose we consider trichromatic excitation in a three-level Λ atomic system, in which a trichromatic control laser and a monochromatic probe laser are applied to two different transitions, respectively. We numerically calculate the absorption and dispersion spectra. Two characteristic features are found. Firstly, the central transparency can be made to appear or to disappear by utilizing the amplitudes and phases of the driving components. Secondly, so long as we fix the sum of two relative phases of two sideband excitation components to the central component, the absorption and dispersion spectra keep their own lineshapes unchanged no matter how we vary the respective relative phases.
We have experimentally studied the optical bistable behavior in an optical ring cavity filled with a collection of three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type rubidium atoms, interacting with two collinearly propagating laser beams. The bistability so observed is very sensitive to the induced atomic coherence in this electromagnetically induced transparency system or consequently to the altered nonlinearity in the system and, thus, can easily be controlled by changing the intensity and the frequency detuning of the coupling field.
A novel scheme is proposed for controlling the optical bistability and multistability in an atomic system. In an open ladder-type three-level atomic system, it is shown that, by adjusting the ratio between atomic injections and exit rates from the cavity, the intensity threshold of optical bistability can be controlled. The effect of incoherent pumping field and spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) on optical bistability for different values of exit rates is also discussed. It is found that SGC makes the medium phase dependent, so the optical bistability and multistability threshold can be controlled via relative phase between applied fields. Moreover, it is shown that the optical bistability can be switched to optical multistability, which is favorable for the next generation of all-optical systems and quantum networks.
We study optical bistable behavior of a Rydberg electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) atomic medium in a unidirectional optical ring-cavity. Due to strong van del Waal (vdW) interactions between the atoms, both optical nonlinear dispersion and nonlinear absorption coefficients are enhanced substantially. Under the condition of two-photon on resonance, we show that probe one-photon detuning can change the phase of the third order nonlinearity coefficient, which tunes the character of the optical bistability within different ratios of dispersive and absorptive types. This enables the single-photon control over photonic devices for further manipulation of light other than switches and transistors. More interestingly, we predict appearance of a scaling phenomena for optical bistabilities with the factors of coupling Rabi frequency and atomic density. Additionally, we also discuss the influence of the cavity detuning and the mirror transmission coefficient on the optical bistable behavior. The strong bistable feature provides a good ingredient for realizing all-optical logic gate devices in optical computing.