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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Noise-induced switching via fluctuating atomic coherence in an optical three-level bistable system

Amitabh Joshi, Min Xiao

Published Nov 18, 2008• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Noise-induced switching caused by fluctuating atomic coherence is experimentally demonstrated in an atomic optical bistable system consisting of three-level atoms in Λ-type configurations confined in an optical ring cavity. The nonlinear phase as a result of enhanced Kerr nonlinearity induced by atomic coherence in the electromagnetically induced transparency system is fluctuating due to the noise in laser parameters and is primarily responsible for such a switching phenomenon.

DOI
10.1364/josab.25.002015

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Noise-induced switching caused by fluctuating atomic coherence is experimentally demonstrated in an atomic optical bistable system consisting of three-level atoms in Λ-type configurations confined in an optical ring cavity. The nonlinear phase as a result of enhanced Kerr nonlinearity induced by atomic coherence in the electromagnetically induced transparency system is fluctuating due to the noise in laser parameters and is primarily responsible for such a switching phenomenon.
The effect of correlated white noises on the optical bistability behavior of three-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated. Noise-induced bistability is demonstrated in an atomic optical bistable system consisting of three-level atoms in Λ-type configurations confined in an optical ring cavity. The output field as a result of enhanced Kerr nonlinearity induced by atomic coherence in the electromagnetically induced transparency system is variable due to the noises in laser parameters and the cooperativity parameter. Therefore, noise is mainly responsible for such induced bistability in the system. It is found that with the cross-correlation noises, the hysteresis loop of optical bistability can be clearly expanded in comparison with the deterministic case and the atomic system could show multistability behavior. This is specifically considerable for positive cross-correlated noises where it could expand the domain of the hysteresis loop. In the presented atomic system the numerical result shows that noise can induce bistability in the absence of spontaneously generated coherence. Furthermore, it is salient that the noise could induce bistability when the system is below its deterministic threshold for bistability.
Stochastic resonance (SR) is experimentally demonstrated in an atomic optical bistable system consisting of three-level atoms in $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type configuration confined in an optical ring cavity. The optical bistable system with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity due to atomic coherence is driven by a periodic signal and a Gaussian white noise source with variable amplitude, and displays an improved output signal-to-noise ratio, a characteristic signature of SR. The measured results match qualitatively with the theoretical predictions of the generic model for the SR phenomenon.
Summary form only given. The reduced absorption and enhanced nonlinearity in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system are very important in achieving an effective all-optical switching action. The Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level EIT medium can be greatly enhanced near resonance due to atomic coherence induced in such a system in comparison with a two-level atomic system, as we have shown by using an optical ring cavity. Both the magnitude and sign of the Kerr-nonlinear index change dramatically for different frequency detunings of the controlling (or coupling) or cavity (or probe) field. Bistability and dynamic instability occur when such a three-level /spl Lambda/-type EIT system is placed inside an optical ring cavity and the controlling and cavity input intensities to exceed certain threshold values. In this paper, we present a recent experimental demonstration of controlling the cavity output intensity by modulating the frequency detuning of the controlling beam.
We have experimentally studied the optical bistable behavior in an optical ring cavity filled with a collection of three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type rubidium atoms, interacting with two collinearly propagating laser beams. The bistability so observed is very sensitive to the induced atomic coherence in this electromagnetically induced transparency system or consequently to the altered nonlinearity in the system and, thus, can easily be controlled by changing the intensity and the frequency detuning of the coupling field.