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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Parametric amplification and oscillation using an inverted maser material

G. Dathe, K.-H. Steiner, D. Roth, G.H.J. Schollmeier

Published Dec 1, 1969• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental results are reported demonstrating the possibility of achieving parametric gain in an inverted paramagnetic medium. In this case the parametric pump frequency may be lower than the signal frequency. The authors used chromium-doped rutile as the active material, a pump frequency of 150 MHz, and a signal frequency of 4.25 GHz. The parametric effect is strongly supported by adjusting the idling circuit for high master gain.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1969.1075703

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Applied Physics Letters•Dec 15, 1971•35 citations
Experimental results are reported demonstrating the possibility of achieving parametric gain in an inverted paramagnetic medium. In this case the parametric pump frequency may be lower than the signal frequency. The authors used chromium-doped rutile as the active material, a pump frequency of 150 MHz, and a signal frequency of 4.25 GHz. The parametric effect is strongly supported by adjusting the idling circuit for high master gain.
The nonlinear dynamics in a paramagnetic maser amplifier is investigated experimentally and theoretically under conditions such that the active medium exerts a sufficiently strong feedback influence on the pump field to induce population inversion of the spin levels. Branching of the inversion ratio due to the onset of bistability in the nonlinear microwave cavity of the pump at a frequency of 150 GHz is observed experimentally. Conditions are determined for the possible excitation of new nonlinear resonances when the spin system is inverted by a standing-wave field, and the stability of the resulting stationary nonequilibrium states of the paramagnet is analyzed.
The three-level excitation method for solid state masers, including some background material on paramagnetic resonance, is reviewed. With respect to the experimental application of the maser material, two cases can be distinguished, In the first, maser action is based mainly on a favorable relaxation time ratio in signal and idler transitions. It is shown that the relaxation time ratio can be changed artificially by a doping technique. Experimental evidence is presented for two such doping techniques, one self-doping, the other impurity doping. In the second case, maser action is based primarily on a favorable frequency ratio of signal and idler transitions. Maser experiments using this approach are described. In addition, excitation of unidirectional gain and attenuation by circular polarization is discussed. Properties of practical isolator materials are surveyed; they include high-concentration paramagnetic and polycryslolline ferrimagnetic materials.