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Proceedings of the IEEE

An 81-Gc/s zero-field maser

W.E. Hughes, C.R. Kremenek

Published Jan 1, 1966• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A zero magnetic field millimeter maser is described which uses the iron ion Fe3+in a host crystalline structure of rutile, TiO2, as the active material. The maser operates as a classical three-level maser [1] between three doubly degenerate zero-field spin levels of the iron ion at a frequency of 81.3 Gc/s and is pumped at a frequency of 124.5 Gc/s. Net gain in excess of 20 dB with instantaneous bandwidths of 3-6 Mc/s have been obtained in a dielectric cavity type configuration.

DOI
10.1109/proc.1966.4782

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A zero magnetic field millimeter maser is described which uses the iron ion Fe3+in a host crystalline structure of rutile, TiO2, as the active material. The maser operates as a classical three-level maser [1] between three doubly degenerate zero-field spin levels of the iron ion at a frequency of 81.3 Gc/s and is pumped at a frequency of 124.5 Gc/s. Net gain in excess of 20 dB with instantaneous bandwidths of 3-6 Mc/s have been obtained in a dielectric cavity type configuration.
A three-level solid-state maser using ruby has been operated at frequencies near 3000 Mc/s, using a high-efficiency cavity having TEM modes in a rectangular geometry. Two different operating points in the θ = 10° to θ =30 ° region of the ruby spectrum gave maser operation with a pump frequency near 10 500 Mc/s, although the inversion obtained was a. sensitive function of the exact operating point. An operating point at θ = 90°, requiring pumping at 13 500 Mc/s, gave a gain-bandwidth product of better than 50 Mc/s. It was also found possible to pump the 1-4 or ΔM = 3 transition at this same operating point, obtaining 3000 Mc/s amplification with a 23 700 Mc/s pump frequency. Although this mode of operation was not fully explored, it is potentially capable of increasing the gain-bandwidth product by a substantial amount.
Paramagnetic ions Fe3+, substituted as an impurity in andalusite (Al2SiO5) host crystals, have been experimentally investigated. The spin-lattice relaxation and cross-relaxation times and inversion ratio in this spin system were observed. Dielectric properties of the host crystals were determined. General maser properties of trivalent-iron-doped andalusite crystal are discussed. Two types of the andalusite cavity masers are described. TheX-band three-level maser operates at a temperature of 2.1°K and a magnetic field of 1400 gauss. Electronic gains of 25 dB and instantaneous bandwidth of 3.5 \pm 0.5 MHz, at the frequency of 9.45 GHz, were obtained. TheF-band push-pull maser operates at a temperature of 2.1°K and a magnetic field of 2800 gauss. Electronic gains of 30 dB and instantaneous bandwidth of 5.5 ± 0.5 MHZ, at the frequency of 100.4 GHz, were obtained.