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Technical Physics

Branching of stationary inversion states in a cavity-pumped paramagnetic maser amplifier

D. N. Makovetskii, Alexander A. Lavrinovich, N. T. Cherpak

Published May 1, 1999• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The nonlinear dynamics in a paramagnetic maser amplifier is investigated experimentally and theoretically under conditions such that the active medium exerts a sufficiently strong feedback influence on the pump field to induce population inversion of the spin levels. Branching of the inversion ratio due to the onset of bistability in the nonlinear microwave cavity of the pump at a frequency of 150 GHz is observed experimentally. Conditions are determined for the possible excitation of new nonlinear resonances when the spin system is inverted by a standing-wave field, and the stability of the resulting stationary nonequilibrium states of the paramagnet is analyzed.

DOI
10.1134/1.1259385

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The nonlinear dynamics in a paramagnetic maser amplifier is investigated experimentally and theoretically under conditions such that the active medium exerts a sufficiently strong feedback influence on the pump field to induce population inversion of the spin levels. Branching of the inversion ratio due to the onset of bistability in the nonlinear microwave cavity of the pump at a frequency of 150 GHz is observed experimentally. Conditions are determined for the possible excitation of new nonlinear resonances when the spin system is inverted by a standing-wave field, and the stability of the resulting stationary nonequilibrium states of the paramagnet is analyzed.
The inversion states of a saturated traveling-wave three-level quantum paramagnetic amplifier have been investigated under conditions of bistable resonator pumping. The equations of motion for the vectorial order parameter have been obtained using adiabatic elimination of fast variables. The exact solutions for stationary inversion states have been found from these equations. For high-quality pump resonators, the isolated and the semi-isolated branches of the inversion ratio have been revealed in stationary solutions. The existence of the semi-isolated branches means a possibility of collapse of the inversion state under influence of a saturating signal. Revival of inversion is possible in this case only by the hard excitation of the pump system. This nonlinear phenomenon is of a qualitatively another nature than one described by us in arXiv:0901.0449v1 [nlin.AO], and may be observed at moderate Q-factor of pump resonator.
The inversion states of a saturated three-level traveling-wave quantum paramagnetic amplifier have been investigated under conditions of bistable resonator pumping. The equations of motion for the vectorial order parameter have been obtained using adiabatic elimination of fast variables. These equations are a generalization of the scalar two-level Drummond model for the case of a three-level quantum active system. Isolated branches of the constant of inversion have been found from stationary solutions of equations for the vectorial order parameter. A analysis of bifurcations in the saturated quantum amplifier with bistable pumping has been represented with full details.
Nonstationary processes in a three-level active paramagnetic phaser system have been investigated in case of the inversion state branching (bistability) which takes place below the threshold of self-excitation of the phonon generation. It has been shown that the nature of the branching of inversion states and transient processes in such a system depends significantly not only on a hypersound signal intensity, that was determined before, but also on a signal modulation frequency. Narrow nonlinear resonances and a critical slowing-down of transient processes have been found at simultaneous saturation of a spin-system by a standing electromagnetic pumping field and a hypersound-signal traveling wave.
Investigation of dynamical processes in microwave laser-like quantum devices is of great interest because of extremely low level of intrinsic noises (spontaneous emission) in their active media. One of the most interesting features of laser dynamics is branching of nonequilibrium states in dissipative system, which includes active medium and resonators, tuned to the frequencies of pumping and signal fields. The pointed branching leads to coexistence of various, sometimes very complex forms of regular, chaotic and transient inversion states. Understanding of the nature of inversion formation and evolution is of vital importance to the quantum electronics. In this report, we present results of investigations of microwave power spectra (MPS) and spatiotemporal dynamics (STD) concerning on the relationship between complex fine structure of MPS and corresponding evolution of patterns in STD.
We characterize analytically the nature of the lasing solutions of a laser operating without population inversion. We consider models involving three-level media interacting with a strong driving field and a lasing field in the vicinity of the lasing threshold. We assess the influence of different relaxation and pumping schemes on the dynamics of these lasers. We use the atom-field detuning, the cavity detuning, and the linear gain as bifurcation parameters. Depending on their values, the stable lasing solution is shown to be cw or self-pulsing. We show that the optimal lasing operation is achieved if both the driving field frequency and the cavity frequency are out of resonance with the atomic frequencies. Physically, the lasing regimes arise from nonlinearly interacting sidebands induced in the lasing medium by atomic interference.