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International Kharkiv Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves

Branching, coexistence and collapse of inversion states in solid-state microwave quantum devices

D. N. Makovetskii

Published Oct 26, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Investigation of dynamical processes in microwave laser-like quantum devices is of great interest because of extremely low level of intrinsic noises (spontaneous emission) in their active media. One of the most interesting features of laser dynamics is branching of nonequilibrium states in dissipative system, which includes active medium and resonators, tuned to the frequencies of pumping and signal fields. The pointed branching leads to coexistence of various, sometimes very complex forms of regular, chaotic and transient inversion states. Understanding of the nature of inversion formation and evolution is of vital importance to the quantum electronics. In this report, we present results of investigations of microwave power spectra (MPS) and spatiotemporal dynamics (STD) concerning on the relationship between complex fine structure of MPS and corresponding evolution of patterns in STD.

DOI
10.1109/msmw.2004.1346014

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Investigation of dynamical processes in microwave laser-like quantum devices is of great interest because of extremely low level of intrinsic noises (spontaneous emission) in their active media. One of the most interesting features of laser dynamics is branching of nonequilibrium states in dissipative system, which includes active medium and resonators, tuned to the frequencies of pumping and signal fields. The pointed branching leads to coexistence of various, sometimes very complex forms of regular, chaotic and transient inversion states. Understanding of the nature of inversion formation and evolution is of vital importance to the quantum electronics. In this report, we present results of investigations of microwave power spectra (MPS) and spatiotemporal dynamics (STD) concerning on the relationship between complex fine structure of MPS and corresponding evolution of patterns in STD.
It is well known that transverse intensity profiles of lasers may show a nontrivial spatial structure. Usually, depending on the degree of symmetry, the spatial patterns have been associated with modes of a passive resonator or combinations of them which cause oscillations in the laser intensity (mode beating).1 It was recently shown2 that the fluctuations may be due, instead, to the nonlinear coupling between atoms and the field. Here we show that a spontaneous symmetry-breaking process is also at the origin of the formation of complex spatiotemporal dynamics in which oscillations at a single frequency, quasiperiodicity, and chaos may coexist within in the same spatial structure. We compare our experimental results with those obtained from bifurcation theory and numerical integration of the Maxwell–Bloch equations. The transition from a simple (Gaussian) profile to a complex (turbulent) profile is studied by means of the average intensity patterns, frequencies, and phases of the local intensity and cross-correlation functions.
The recent experiments on a pulsed superfluorescence and prospects of a CW superradiant lasing in various active media, especially semiconductor heterostructures, [1] attract much attention to new coherent dynamical effects in such lasers. These effects take place in the case of very dense active medium and low-Q cavities when a photon (cavity) lifetime is much shorter than a polarization (optical dipole) lifetime of an active center. Here, on the basis of numerical modeling of the Maxwell-Bloch equations, we describe the steady and dynamic spontaneous symmetry breaking of the structure of the field, polarization and population inversion of an active medium with almost homogeneously broadened spectral line placed into a symmetric low-Q combined distributed feedback (DFB) Fabry-Perot cavity.
Since the demonstration of the possibility of achieving very low noise amplification of signals in the centimetric wavebands, a great deal of work has been carried out in various laboratories with a view to producing and testing devices. The major part of the present article focuses attention on one particular device, the three-level solid-state maser. The physical principles underlying the process of stimulated emission of radiation are in many cases unfamiliar to electronic engineers, and study of the growing literature on the subject can be confusing without a clear understanding of the physics involved. The present article outlines the general theory of emission and radiation processes, particularly as they apply to the microwave spectrum. A quantum mechanical description is employed throughout, and a brief and not very rigorous account is given of the relevant portions of this theory as it applies to the investigation of transistors between energy levels. Well-known expressions are derived for the operating characteristics of a three-level maser, particular attention being given to the significance of the various factors involved and their relationship to easily measured quantities. Little information is included concerning practical maser amplifiers; at the time of writing, few practical devices had been constructed. A survey of recent literature indicates the rapid progress which has since been made, and shows the interest in the development of masers.
Quantum many-body systems near phase transitions respond collectively to externally applied perturbations. We explore this phenomenon in a laser-driven dissipative Rydberg gas that is tuned to a bistable regime. Here two metastable phases coexist, which feature a low and high density of Rydberg atoms, respectively. The ensuing collective dynamics, which we monitor , is characterized by stochastic collective jumps between these two macroscopically distinct many-body phases. We show that the statistics of these jumps can be controlled using a dual-tone microwave field. In particular, we find that the distribution of jump times develops peaks corresponding to subharmonics of the relative microwave detuning. Our study demonstrates the control of collective statistical properties of dissipative quantum many-body systems without the necessity of fine-tuning or of ultracold temperatures. Such robust many-body phenomena may find technological applications in sensing. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The nonlinear dynamics in a paramagnetic maser amplifier is investigated experimentally and theoretically under conditions such that the active medium exerts a sufficiently strong feedback influence on the pump field to induce population inversion of the spin levels. Branching of the inversion ratio due to the onset of bistability in the nonlinear microwave cavity of the pump at a frequency of 150 GHz is observed experimentally. Conditions are determined for the possible excitation of new nonlinear resonances when the spin system is inverted by a standing-wave field, and the stability of the resulting stationary nonequilibrium states of the paramagnet is analyzed.
The efficient generation, coherent control, manipulation and measurement of quantum states of light and matter is at the core of quantum technologies. Hybrid quantum systems, where one combines the best parts of multiple individual quantum systems together without their weaknesses, are now seen as a way to engineer composite quantum systems with the properties one requires. This would in principle allow one to probe new physical regimes. However, the issue until recently has been that hybridization has not resulted in systems with superior properties. Recently however we [Nature Photonics 11, 3639 (2016)] have shown an increased coherence times in hybrid system is of composed nitrogen-vacancy centers strongly coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator. This demonstration has enabled this kind of hybrid system to enter the regime where quantum nonlinearities are present. We discuss several types of nonlinearity effects that can be naturally explored (bistability and superradiance). Our work paves the way for the creation of spin squeezed states, novel metamaterials, long-lived quantum multimode memories and solid-state microwave frequency combs. Further in the longer term it may enable the exploration of many-body phenomena in new cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments.