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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Terahertz applications of integrated circuits based on intrinsic Josephson junctions in high Tc superconductors

Huabing Wang, Peiheng Wu, Tsutomu Yamashita

Published Oct 15, 2001• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using a newly developed double-side fabrication method, an IJJ stack plus a bow-tie antenna and chokes were integrated in a slice 200 nm thick and singled out from inside a bulk Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (BSCCO) single crystal. The junctions in the fabricated stack were very uniform, and the number of junctions involved was rather controllable. In addition to this method, which can be used to fabricate integrated circuits based on intrinsic Josephson junctions in high temperature (Tc) superconductors, also reported will be terahertz responses of IJJs, and the possible applications in quantum voltage standard, spectroscopy, and so on.

DOI
10.1117/12.444682

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Using a newly developed double-side fabrication method, an IJJ stack plus a bow-tie antenna and chokes were integrated in a slice 200 nm thick and singled out from inside a bulk Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (BSCCO) single crystal. The junctions in the fabricated stack were very uniform, and the number of junctions involved was rather controllable. In addition to this method, which can be used to fabricate integrated circuits based on intrinsic Josephson junctions in high temperature (Tc) superconductors, also reported will be terahertz responses of IJJs, and the possible applications in quantum voltage standard, spectroscopy, and so on.
In this paper, we report on the recent progress in fabrication and high-frequency experiments of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+ x (BSCCO) intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs). Using a newly developed double-sided fabrication process, we single out a well-defined number of IJJs in a well-defined geometry from inside a slice of a BSCCO single crystal. We discuss in detail the observations of both Shapiro steps and harmonic mixings in the terahertz region, and we indicate the possible applications in spectroscopy.
On a slice of 200–300-nm-thick Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions are patterned, connected to each other, and integrated with a bow-tie antenna and some chokes. Over an area of 150 μm by 170 μm, we have been able to fabricate up to 256 stacks with over 11 000 junctions. Such three-dimensional arrays of intrinsic Josephson junctions respond sensitively to irradiation at 760 GHz from a far-infrared laser, showing clear zero-crossing Shapiro steps up to 0.75 V. In addition, possible applications in quantum voltage standards are discussed here. The high density of integration of the Josephson junctions is also promising for many other applications.
Using a double-sided fabrication method, we fabricated Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8(BSCCO) intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) with a gold-BSCCO-gold structure. Coherent emission is observed at large dc input power, where a hot spot and “cold” part of the stack, coexist. The power, directly detected with a bolometer, is as high as 25 μW, implying the integrated power should be already in the order of sub-mW. We have successfully pumped a Nb-based Josephson junction and a grain boundary Josephson junction. Also with a wide tunable frequency range, BSCCO THz emitters will find themselves many practical applications, e.g., local oscillators of SIS, HEB, and Josephson mixers.
SUMMARY In this paper, we review the progress in BiSrCaCuO-2212 Intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) bysummarizing our recent results in fabrication and high frequencyexperiments. Using a double-side fabrication process, a well defined number of intrinsic Josephson junctions in a well defined geometrycan be fabricated. The junctions in the stack are quite homogeneous, and the power distribution of external irradiation among the junctions is even. Shapiro steps are clearlyobserved up to 2.5 THz, and the general condition for the occurrence of Shapiro steps at frequency f is that it should be much greater than the plasma frequency fpl. Under certain conditions the Shapiro steps are zero-crossing, making some applications possible, such as quantum voltage standard etc.
Intense and coherent terahertz electromagnetic wave (THz-wave) emission from the intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in single crystalline high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) was reported in 2007 [L. Ozyuzer \\textit{et al}., Science \\textbf{318}, (2007) 1291.]. In the present work, we demonstrate the relationship between the bias condition and the resonance state by controlling both the applied voltage, V, and the number of resistive junctions, N. We directly observed that if N junctions are in resistive state, the resonance frequency, fJ, varies in accordance with the ac-Josephson relation; fJ = (2|e|/h)V/N, although frequency fJ has previously been thought to be uniquely determined by the geometrical condition due to the cavity resonance effect [M. Tsujimoto \\textit{et al}., Phys. Rev. Lett. \\textbf{105}, (2010) 037005.]. We also found that the emission intensity varies as a function of both fJ and N. *CREST-JST, WPI-MANA, Strategic Initiative A (University of Tsukuba)
The microwave distribution inside a rectangular stack (15 μm×0.72 μm×60 nm) of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) was studied. The stack was microfabricated into a transmission-line geometry, with a-few-hundred-nm-thick Au layers deposited on the top and bottom of the stack. The microwave distribution was monitored by measuring the anomalous suppression of the tunneling critical current of the IJJs with varied microwave power at frequencies in the W band. This technique can provide valuable information on the microwave transmission modes inside the sandwiched stack of IJJs, which is utterly important for the high-frequency device applications using IJJs, such as fluxon-flow THz oscillators.